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Review
. 2022 Jan 14;23(2):918.
doi: 10.3390/ijms23020918.

Peripheral Nerve Injury Treatments and Advances: One Health Perspective

Bruna Lopes  1   2 , Patrícia Sousa  1   2 , Rui Alvites  1   2 , Mariana Branquinho  1   2 , Ana Catarina Sousa  1   2 , Carla Mendonça  1   2 , Luís Miguel Atayde  1   2 , Ana Lúcia Luís  1   2 , Artur S P Varejão  3   4 , Ana Colette Maurício  1   2
Affiliations
Review

Peripheral Nerve Injury Treatments and Advances: One Health Perspective

Bruna Lopes et al. Int J Mol Sci. .

Abstract

Peripheral nerve injuries (PNI) can have several etiologies, such as trauma and iatrogenic interventions, that can lead to the loss of structure and/or function impairment. These changes can cause partial or complete loss of motor and sensory functions, physical disability, and neuropathic pain, which in turn can affect the quality of life. This review aims to revisit the concepts associated with the PNI and the anatomy of the peripheral nerve is detailed to explain the different types of injury. Then, some of the available therapeutic strategies are explained, including surgical methods, pharmacological therapies, and the use of cell-based therapies alone or in combination with biomaterials in the form of tube guides. Nevertheless, even with the various available treatments, it is difficult to achieve a perfect outcome with complete functional recovery. This review aims to enhance the importance of new therapies, especially in severe lesions, to overcome limitations and achieve better outcomes. The urge for new approaches and the understanding of the different methods to evaluate nerve regeneration is fundamental from a One Health perspective. In vitro models followed by in vivo models are very important to be able to translate the achievements to human medicine.

Keywords: mesenchymal stem cells; nerve guide conduits; nerve recovery; one health; peripheral nerve injury; secretome.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Schematic representation of a typical peripheral nerve.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Schematic representation of the different injury grading systems for PNI.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Schematic representation of the surgical and non-surgical treatments for PNI. The dotted arrow refers to the combination of nerve guide conduits with MSCs or their secretome, used as another possible therapeutic treatment for PNI. (Abbreviations: MSCs—Mesenchymal Stem Cells; BM-MSCs—Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Ad-MSCs—Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells; DPSCs—Dental Pulp Stem Cells; UC-MSCs—Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells; OM-MSCs—Olfactory Mucosa Mesenchymal Stem Cells).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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