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. 2022 Jan 14;13(1):128.
doi: 10.3390/mi13010128.

Preparation of Fe3O4@PDA@Au@GO Composite as SERS Substrate and Its Application in the Enrichment and Detection for Phenanthrene

Junyu Liu  1   2 , Yiwei Liu  3 , Yida Cao  2 , Shihua Sang  1 , Liang Guan  2 , Yinyin Wang  2 , Jian Wang  2
Affiliations

Preparation of Fe3O4@PDA@Au@GO Composite as SERS Substrate and Its Application in the Enrichment and Detection for Phenanthrene

Junyu Liu et al. Micromachines (Basel). .

Abstract

In this study, highly active Fe3O4@PDA@Au@GO surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) active substrate was synthesized for application in the enrichment and detection of trace polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the environment. The morphology and structure were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV-visible absorption spectrum (UV-vis spectra). The effect of each component of Fe3O4@PDA@Au@GO nanocomposites on SERS was explored, and it was found that gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) are crucial to enhance the Raman signal based on the electromagnetic enhancement mechanism, and apart from enriching the PAHs through π-π interaction, graphene oxide (GO) also generates strong chemical enhancement of Raman signals, and polydopamine (PDA) can prevent Au from shedding and agglomeration. The existence of Fe3O4 aided the quick separation of substrate from the solutions, which greatly simplified the detection procedure and facilitated the reuse of the substrate. The SERS active substrate was used to detect phenanthrene in aqueous solution with a detection limit of 10-7 g/L (5.6 × 10-10 mol/L), which is much lower than that of ordinary Raman, it is promising for application in the enrichment and detection of trace PAHs.

Keywords: PAHs; enrichment detection; nanocomposites; surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The UV–vis spectra of Au NPs synthesized by various masses of sodium citrate (1) 0.028 g; (2) 0.022 g; (3) 0.016 g; (4) 0.010 g.
Figure 2
Figure 2
XRD patterns of Fe3O4@PDA@Au@GO.
Figure 3
Figure 3
TEM image of Fe3O4@PDA/Au/GO nanocomposites. (a) transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image of 1 um; (b) transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image of 200 nm; (c) transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image of 100 nm; (d) transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image of 500 nm; (e) transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image of 50 nm; (f) transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image of 50 nm.
Figure 4
Figure 4
TEM mapping and EDS of Fe3O4@PDA/Au/GO nanocomposites. (a) the elemental mappings of Fe3O4@PDA/Au/GO; (b) the elemental mappings of Au; (c) the elemental mappings of C; (d) the elemental mappings of Fe; (e) the elemental mappings of O; (f) the elemental mappings of N; (g) EDS of Fe3O4@PDA/Au/GO.
Figure 5
Figure 5
SERS signal of pyrene obtained on Au NPs substrate reduced by different masses of sodium citrate. (1) 0.028g; (2) 0.022g; (3) 0.016g; (4) 0.010g.
Figure 6
Figure 6
SERS spectra of phenanthrene. (1) phenanthrene solid; (2) 10−2 g/L phenanthrene SERS solution; (3) 10−2 g/L phenanthrene standard solution.
Figure 7
Figure 7
SERS signal of phenanthrene obtained on Fe3O4@PDA@Au@GO, Fe3O4@PDA@Au, Fe3O4@PDA and Fe3O4, respectively (1) Fe3O4@PDA@Au@GO substrate; (2) Fe3O4@PDA@Au substrate; (3) Fe3O4@PDA substrate; (4) Fe3O4 substrate; (5) 10−2 g/L phenanthrene solution.
Figure 8
Figure 8
SERS spectra of different volume ratios of Fe3O4@PDA@Au@GO substrate and phenanthrene solution..
Figure 9
Figure 9
The detection limit of phenanthrene obtained on Fe3O4@PDA@Au@GO nanocomposite SERS substrate (phenanthrene solid. (1): 10−2 g/L phenanthrene SERS solution. (2): 10−3 g/L phenanthrene SERS solution. (3): 10−4 g/L phenanthrene SERS solution. (4): 10−5 g/L phenanthrene SERS solution. (5): 10−6 g/L phenanthrene SERS solution. (6): 10−7 g/L phenanthrene SERS solution. (7): 10−8 g/L phenanthrene SERS solution).
Figure 10
Figure 10
The linear correlations between the SERS intensity and the logarithm of phenanthrene concentration. (a) 415.24 cm−1; (b) 690.24 cm−1.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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