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. 2022 Jan 13;15(2):570.
doi: 10.3390/ma15020570.

Zinc Oxide Synthesis from Extreme Ratios of Zinc Acetate and Zinc Nitrate: Synergistic Morphology

Sujittra Kaenphakdee  1 , Pimpaka Putthithanas  1 , Supan Yodyingyong  2 , Jeerapond Leelawattanachai  3 , Wannapong Triampo  4 , Noppakun Sanpo  5 , Jaturong Jitputti  5 , Darapond Triampo  1
Affiliations

Zinc Oxide Synthesis from Extreme Ratios of Zinc Acetate and Zinc Nitrate: Synergistic Morphology

Sujittra Kaenphakdee et al. Materials (Basel). .

Abstract

The synthesis of ZnO comprising different ratios of zinc acetate (ZA) and zinc nitrate (ZN) from the respective zinc precursor solutions was successfully completed via a simple precipitation method. Zinc oxide powders with different mole ratios of ZA/ZN were produced-80/1, 40/1, and 20/1. The crystallinity, microstructure, and optical properties of all produced ZnO powders were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometry. The average agglomerated particle sizes of ZnO-80/1, ZnO-40/1, and ZnO-20/1 were measured at 655, 640, and 620 nm, respectively, using dynamic light scattering (DLS). The optical properties of ZnO were significantly affected by the extreme ratio differences in the zinc precursors. ZnO-80/1 was found to have a unique coral-sheet structure morphology, which resulted in its superior ability to reflect near-infrared (NIR) radiation compared to ZnO-40/1 and ZnO-20/1. The NIR-shielding performances of ZnO were assessed using a thermal insulation test, where coating with ZnO-80/1 could lower the inner temperature by 5.2 °C compared with the neat glass substrate. Due to the synergistic effects on morphology, ZnO-80/1 exhibited the property of enhanced NIR shielding in curtailing the internal building temperature, which allows for its utilization as an NIR-reflective pigment coating in the construction of building envelopes.

Keywords: NIR-shielding; ZnO; coating pigment; thermal insulation.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Schematic flow chart of ZnO powder preparation yielding ZnO-80/1, ZnO-40/1, ZnO-20/1, ZnO-A, and ZnO-N.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Schematic of the thermal insulation testing setup.
Figure 3
Figure 3
SEM micrographs of ZnO prepared from ZA and ZN precursors: (a) ZnO-A and (b) ZnO-N.
Figure 4
Figure 4
SEM micrographs of ZnO with the different ratios of ZA/ZN captured at 5000×, 10,000×, and 100,000× magnification of (a,d,g) ZnO-80/1, (b,e,h) ZnO-40/1, and (c,f,i) ZnO-20/1, respectively.
Figure 5
Figure 5
The XRD patterns of (a) a wide range of ZnO with different ratios of ZA/ZN and (b) the enlarged (101) peak of ZnO-A, ZnO-N, ZnO-80/1, ZnO-40/1, and ZnO-20/1.
Figure 6
Figure 6
UV-Vis-NIR reflectance spectra of ZnO with different ratios of ZA/ZN precursors.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Illustration of solar reflectance at the active site of the coral-sheet structure of ZnO-80/1 versus the aggregated structure of ZnO-40/1 and ZnO-20/1.
Figure 8
Figure 8
The thermal insulation test of ZnO prepared from different ratios of ZA/ZN precursors. The surrounding temperature was 70 ± 2 °C.
Figure 9
Figure 9
The model proposed for synergistic morphology resulting from the use of mixed zinc precursor in ZnO synthesis. The small particles of ZnO-A from the ZA precursor fill the voids of ZnO-N submicrorods from the ZN precursor.
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