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. 2022 Jan 11;14(2):286.
doi: 10.3390/nu14020286.

Tryptophan Metabolism Is Associated with BMI and Adipose Tissue Mass and Linked to Metabolic Disease in Pediatric Obesity

Julia Lischka  1 , Andrea Schanzer  1 , Margot Baumgartner  1 , Charlotte de Gier  1 , Susanne Greber-Platzer  1 , Maximilian Zeyda  1
Affiliations

Tryptophan Metabolism Is Associated with BMI and Adipose Tissue Mass and Linked to Metabolic Disease in Pediatric Obesity

Julia Lischka et al. Nutrients. .

Abstract

The obesity epidemic has contributed to an escalating prevalence of metabolic diseases in children. Overnutrition leads to increased tryptophan uptake and availability. An association between the induction of the tryptophan catabolic pathway via indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) activity and obesity-related inflammation has been observed. This study aimed to investigate the impact of pediatric obesity on tryptophan metabolism and the potential relationship with metabolic disease. In this prospective cohort study, plasma kynurenine, tryptophan, and serotonin levels were measured by ELISA, and IDO activity was estimated by calculating the kynurenine/tryptophan ratio in a clinically characterized population with severe obesity (BMI ≥ 97th percentile) aged 9 to 19 (n = 125). IDO activity and its product kynurenine correlated with BMI z-score and body fat mass, whereas concentrations of serotonin, the alternative tryptophan metabolite, negatively correlated with these measures of adiposity. Kynurenine and tryptophan, but not serotonin levels, were associated with disturbed glucose metabolism. Tryptophan concentrations negatively correlated with adiponectin and were significantly higher in prediabetes and metabolically unhealthy obesity. In conclusion, BMI and body fat mass were associated with increased tryptophan catabolism via the kynurenine pathway and decreased serotonin production in children and adolescents with severe obesity. The resulting elevated kynurenine levels may contribute to metabolic disease in obesity.

Keywords: aromatic amino acids; childhood; indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase; inflammation; metabolically healthy obesity; prediabetes.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Correlations of IDO activity, kynurenine and serotonin with BMI z-score and body fat percentage (BIA body fat). Respective values are plotted as indicated in the diagram axes.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Tryptophan levels of different metabolic conditions. (A), metabolically unhealthy (MUO) vs. healthy obesity (MHO; p = 0.04). (B), prediabetes vs. normoglycemic controls (p = 0.04). Diagrams show means ± standard error. * p < 0.05.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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