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. 2022 Jan 21;80(1):38.
doi: 10.1186/s13690-022-00793-7.

Has Latin America achieved universal health coverage yet? Lessons from four countries

Ramiro E Gilardino  1 , Pilar Valanzasca  2 , Susan B Rifkin  3
Affiliations

Has Latin America achieved universal health coverage yet? Lessons from four countries

Ramiro E Gilardino et al. Arch Public Health. .

Abstract

Background: Seven years after the commitment to United Nations' call for Universal Health Coverage, healthcare services in Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Mexico are generally accessible and affordable; but they still struggle to meet population health demands and address the rising health care costs. We aim to describe measures taken by these four countries to commit by Universal Health Coverage, addressing their barriers and challenges.

Methods: Scoping literature review, supplemented with targeted stakeholders survey.

Results: The four countries analysed achieved an overall index of essential coverage of 76-77%, and households out of pocket health expenditures fall below 25%. Services coverage was improved by expanding access to primary healthcare systems and coverage for non-communicable diseases, while provided community outreach by the increase in the number of skilled healthcare workers. New pharmaceutical support programs provided access to treatments for chronic conditions at zero cost, while high-costs drugs and cancer treatments were partially guaranteed. However, the countries lack with effective financial protection mechanisms, that continue to increase out of pocket expenditure as noted by lowest financial protection scores, and lack of effective financial mechanisms besides cash transfers.

Conclusions: Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, and Mexico have made progress towards UHC. Although, better financial protection is urgently required.

Keywords: Health systems; Healthcare access; Healthcare financing; Latin America; Primary healthcare; Universal health coverage.

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Conflict of interest statement

Author’s do not declare conflict of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Graphic representation of the evidence assessment matrix. Source: Own elaboration with adaptations from regional frameworks for UHC assessment and the WHO 13th GPW
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Flow Diagram of Literature search process. Modified from Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ 2021;372:n71. doi: 10.1136/bmj.n71
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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