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. 2022 Jan 7:12:762681.
doi: 10.3389/fphys.2021.762681. eCollection 2021.

Transcriptome Profiling Based on Larvae at Different Time Points After Hatching Provides a Core Set of Gene Resource for Understanding the Metabolic Mechanisms of the Brood-Care Behavior in Octopus ocellatus

Xiaokai Bao  1 , Xiumei Liu  2 , Benshu Yu  3 , Yan Li  1 , Mingxian Cui  1 , Weijun Wang  1 , Yanwei Feng  1 , Xiaohui Xu  1 , Guohua Sun  1 , Bin Li  1   4 , Zan Li  1 , Jianmin Yang  1
Affiliations

Transcriptome Profiling Based on Larvae at Different Time Points After Hatching Provides a Core Set of Gene Resource for Understanding the Metabolic Mechanisms of the Brood-Care Behavior in Octopus ocellatus

Xiaokai Bao et al. Front Physiol. .

Abstract

The metabolic processes of organisms are very complex. Each process is crucial and affects the growth, development, and reproduction of organisms. Metabolism-related mechanisms in Octopus ocellatus behaviors have not been widely studied. Brood-care is a common behavior in most organisms, which can improve the survival rate and constitution of larvae. Octopus ocellatus carried out this behavior, but it was rarely noticed by researchers before. In our study, 3,486 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified based on transcriptome analysis of O. ocellatus. We identify metabolism-related DEGs using GO and KEGG enrichment analyses. Then, we construct protein-protein interaction networks to search the functional relationships between metabolism-related DEGs. Finally, we identified 10 hub genes related to multiple gene functions or involved in multiple signal pathways and verified them using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Protein-protein interaction networks were first used to study the effects of brood-care behavior on metabolism in the process of growing of O. ocellatus larvae, and the results provide us valuable genetic resources for understanding the metabolic processes of invertebrate larvae. The data lay a foundation for further study the brood-care behavior and metabolic mechanisms of invertebrates.

Keywords: Octopus ocellatus; brood-care behavior; metabolism; protein–protein interaction networks; transcriptome.

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Conflict of interest statement

BL was employed by the company Yantai Haiyu Marine Science and Technology Co. Ltd. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be constructed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
(A) Volcano plot of DEGs distribution trends between Pro-C and Unp-C. Each dot stands for a gene. Red dots indicate up-regulated DEGs; blue dots are down-regulated DEGs; and yellow dots stand for the genes with no difference. (B) Volcano Plot of DEGs distribution trends between Pro-4h and Unp-4h. (C) Volcano Plot of DEGs distribution trends between Pro-12h and Unp-12h. (D) Volcano Plot of DEGs distribution trends between Pro-24h and Unp-24h.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
The Venn diagram shows the overlap of the DEGs at 0h (red), 4h (green), 12h (blue), and 24h (purple) after hatching.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Heatmap analysis of hierarchical clustering of DEGs at four time points in two groups. Each row represents one gene, and each column stands for a time point. The colors range from green to red, indicating the level of expression from low to high.
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
GO analysis of DEGs. Distribution of level-3 GO annotation in three categories. The y-axis represents the corresponding number of DEGs; the x-axis stands for the gene functional classification based on GO.
FIGURE 5
FIGURE 5
KEGG analysis of DEGs. The y-axis indicates level-2 KEGG classes; the x-axis represents the corresponding number of DEGs.
FIGURE 6
FIGURE 6
Metabolism-related protein–protein interaction networks. Network nodes stand for proteins. The legend represents the relationships between nodes.
FIGURE 7
FIGURE 7
Comparison of expression of 10 hub genes between qRT-PCR and RNA-Seq results. The transcript expression levels of the selected DEGs were each normalized to that of the β-actin gene. The x-axis represents the growth time after hatching; the y-axis stands for fold change.
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