Attitude Toward Using the Triple Combination Bleaching Formula and Related Outcomes: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Introduction Kligman's formula is a topical triple combination consisting of hydroquinone, tretinoin, and topical corticosteroid. It has recently become widely popular among the general population for different purposes. Its improper use can lead to unsatisfactory results and unpleasant side effects. Aim This study aimed to assess the attitude, satisfaction, and complications related to topical usage of Kligman's formula among the general population in Saudi Arabia. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among the general population of Saudi Arabia. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed among the targeted population using an online survey. The questionnaire includes socio-demographic characteristics, assessment of attitude, and satisfaction in using Kligman's formula. Data were tabulated and cleaned, and all statistical analyses were performed. Results A total of 292 participants met the inclusion criteria (26 males vs. 266 females) with a mean age of 26.9 (SD 7.71) years. Nearly 40% of participants showed a positive attitude in using Kligman's formula, while 46.9% were satisfied with using it. The most common reason for using Kligman's formula was to lighten the skin (55.8%), while skin redness was the most commonly reported adverse effect. Factors associated with increased attitude and satisfaction were using Kligman's formula based on a doctor's prescription and regular follow-up with a dermatologist. Conclusion The general population showed an improper attitude toward using Kligman's formula. However, a better attitude and satisfaction rate can be seen among those using Kligman's formula with prescription and those who regularly visit a dermatologist.

Keywords: acne; attitude; kligman’s formula; satisfaction; skin lightening.

Figure 1. Reasons for using Kligman's formula.

Figure 2. Side effects after using Kligman’s formula.