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. 2023 Feb;10(1):373-386.
doi: 10.1007/s40615-022-01229-2. Epub 2022 Jan 24.

Psychosocial Stressors and Coping Strategies Among African Americans During Early Stages of the COVID-19 Pandemic: a Qualitative Study

Taneisha Gillyard  1 , Jamaine Davis  1 , Imari Parham  2 , Jamal Moss  2 , Iman Barre  2 , Leah Alexander  3 , Jennifer Cunningham-Erves  4
Affiliations

Psychosocial Stressors and Coping Strategies Among African Americans During Early Stages of the COVID-19 Pandemic: a Qualitative Study

Taneisha Gillyard et al. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities. 2023 Feb.

Abstract

Objectives: The disproportionate impact of coronavirus (COVID-19) on African Americans along with associated inequities in social determinants of health (SDOH) and racism increase their vulnerability to the psychosocial impact of COVID-19. This qualitative study applied the socio-ecological model (SEM) to explore psychosocial stressors, coping styles, and needs to improve psychosocial health among unique subgroups of African Americans in early pandemic stages.

Methods: Sixty-two African Americans (16 parents, 15 young adults, 16 essential workers, and 15 individuals with underlying medical conditions) participated in qualitative, semi-structured interviews between May and September 2020. Interview data were analyzed based on the SEM using thematic analysis.

Results: The majority (84%) reported being stressed with parents having the highest level. Four themes emerged : (1) our COVID-19 pandemic state of mind, (2) top stressors in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, (3) coping strategies during COVID-19, and (4) needs during the COVID-19 pandemic to reduce stress. While there were similarities, different stressors were experienced among subgroups, which yielded different coping styles and needs from stakeholders across multi-levels to improve their psychosocial health.

Conclusions: Findings suggest current and future pandemic response plans need targeted strategies across multiple levels of influence to address the psychosocial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on African Americans.

Keywords: African Americans; COVID-19; Coping style; Mental health; Psychosocial distress; Public health emergency.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Socio-ecological model summarizing top stressors (theme 2) and needs (theme 4) shared by the participants of this study
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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