COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and How to Address It

Abstract

Background: Although many Americans were anxious to see a vaccine developed to help restore a sense of normalcy to the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccine hesitancy is still a problem that hinders public health goals designed to stop the spread of the virus. With two mRNA vaccines available since early 2021 only 71% of Americans have received at least one dose of vaccine by November 30, 2021, with 60% of the population being fully vaccinated.

Methods: This article discusses the risk factors of vaccine hesitancy, the factors influencing the unwillingness to accept vaccines approved and recognized as safe, characteristics of vaccine hesitancy among worker populations, and guidelines and resources for nurses.

Conclusions and application to practice: The key for the nurse is to self-educate and proactively begin the discussion of vaccines with patients and co-workers, building trust with patients and peers, and helping motivate them to accept COVID-19 vaccines and make appointments to receive vaccinations. Overcoming the impact of low vaccination rates due to vaccine hesitancy is the first step toward closing the gap and achieving universal vaccination for all adults.

Keywords: COVID-19; public health; vaccine acceptance; vaccine confidence; vaccine hesitancy.