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. 2022 Mar;45(3):254-261.
doi: 10.1177/03913988211070588. Epub 2022 Jan 25.

Quantification of dissolved H2 and continuous monitoring of hydrogen-rich water for haemodialysis applications: An experimental study

Foivos Leonidas Mouzakis  1 , Lal Babu Khadka  1 , Miguel Pereira da Silva  1   2 , Khosrow Mottaghy  1
Affiliations

Quantification of dissolved H2 and continuous monitoring of hydrogen-rich water for haemodialysis applications: An experimental study

Foivos Leonidas Mouzakis et al. Int J Artif Organs. 2022 Mar.

Abstract

The prevalence of oxidative and inflammatory stress in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients has often been associated with chronic haemodialysis therapies. Over the past decades, several reports have shown the potential of hydrogen molecule as an antioxidant in the treatment of various medical conditions in animal models, as well as in pilot studies with human patients. Recently, a hydrogen-enriched dialysate solution has been introduced, holding promise in reducing the oxidative and/or inflammatory complications arising during haemodialysis. To this end, a standardised measuring method to determine the levels of hydrogen in dialysate and subsequently in blood is required. This study explores the possibility of quantifying hydrogen concentration using a novel contactless sensor that detects dissolved hydrogen in liquids. An experimental circuit is assembled to validate the sensitivity and accuracy of the hydrogen monitoring system (Pureron Japan Co., Ltd) through in vitro investigations with physiological solutions. Measurements of dissolved molecular hydrogen concentration are corroborated by an established oxygen sensor providing continuous partial pressure readings. The relationship between the applied H2 content in the gaseous mixture and the H2 concentration value at equilibrium is linear. At the same time, the hydrogen monitoring system has a rather long response time, and its readings seem to slightly diverge from sensor to sensor as well as at different temperatures. For this reason, a sensor recalibration might be necessary, which could become part of the product's ongoing development. Nevertheless, the aforementioned minor deficiencies can be mostly considered negligible in applications such as haemodialysis.

Keywords: Haemodialysis; apheresis & detoxification techniques; artificial kidney; extracorporeal circulation; hydrogen; hydrogen water monitoring system; sensors.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of conflicting interests: The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Graphical representation of the experimental setup.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Evolution of dissolved hydrogen concentration and pO2 for the different operating conditions.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Hydrogen concentration profiles of two HWMS devices under the same operating conditions.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
Hydrogen concentration at different temperatures as recorded by two HWMS devices calibrated at 20℃ and 36℃ respectively.
Figure 5.
Figure 5.
Experimental versus theoretical data of dissolved hydrogen concentration for all the operating conditions.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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