Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2022 Jan;33 Suppl 27(Suppl 27):83-85.
doi: 10.1111/pai.13638.

Novel artful applications of vaccines at the horizon

Davide Montin  1 , Giorgio Ottaviano  2 , Maria Sangerardi  3 , Mayla Sgrulletti  4   5 , Loredana Chini  4 , Rosa Maria Dellepiane  6 , Baldassarre Martire  7 , Caterina Rizzo  8 , Viviana Moschese  4
Affiliations

Novel artful applications of vaccines at the horizon

Davide Montin et al. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2022 Jan.

Abstract

Some live vaccines, particularly Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), oral polio vaccine (OPV), and measles vaccine, can reduce the incidence of all-cause mortality by outreaching the mere control of specific infections and exerting off-target effects. Asides from the prevention of viral infection, some other vaccines, such as those against flu or rotavirus, could reduce the risk of developing autoimmunity. The nonspecific effects of vaccines are mediated by the innate immune system, mainly through the so-called trained innate immunity. These observations paved the way for developing tolerogenic and trained immunity-based vaccines with substantial implications for more effective use of vaccines and combat vaccine hesitancy.

Keywords: BCG; autoimmunity; diabetes; mRNA vaccines; measles; nonspecific effects; vaccines.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

None of the authors reported conflicts of interest.

References

    1. Benn CS, Fisker AB, Rieckmann A, et al. Vaccinology: time to change the paradigm? Lancet Infect Dis. 2020;20:e274‐e283. - PubMed
    1. Higgins JPT, Soares‐Weiser K, López‐López JA, et al. Association of BCG, DTP, and measles‐containing vaccines with childhood mortality: systematic review. BMJ. 2016;355:i5170. - PMC - PubMed
    1. de Bree LCJ, Koeken VACM, Joosten LAB, et al. Nonspecific effects of vaccines: current evidence and potential implications. Semin Immunol. 2018;39:35‐43. - PubMed
    1. Datau EA, Mewengkang H, Matheos JC, et al. Clinical efficacy and laboratory improvement of bacillus calmette‐guerin vaccination on adult atopic asthma. World Allergy Organ J. 2008;1:63‐69. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Covián C, Retamal‐Díaz A, Bueno SM, et al. Could BCG vaccination induce protective trained immunity for SARS‐CoV‐2? Front Immunol. 2020;11:970. - PMC - PubMed