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. 2022 Sep;50(9):988-993.
doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2022.01.003. Epub 2022 Jan 23.

Risk of COVID-19 in healthcare workers working in intensive care setting

Majid M Alshamrani  1 , Aiman El-Saed  2 , Yaseen M Arabi  3 , Mohammed Al Zunitan  4 , Fayssal M Farahat  5 , Henry Baffoe Bonnie  6 , Muayed Matalqa  6 , Fatmah Othman  7 , Saad Almohrij  8
Affiliations

Risk of COVID-19 in healthcare workers working in intensive care setting

Majid M Alshamrani et al. Am J Infect Control. 2022 Sep.

Abstract

Background: The higher risk of COVID-19 in health care workers (HCWs) is well-known. However, the risk within HCWs is not fully understood. The objective was to compare the COVID-19 risk in intensive care unit (ICU) vs non-ICU locations.

Methods: A prospective surveillance study was conducted among HCWs at a large tertiary care facility in Riyadh between March 1st to November 30th, 2020. HCWs included both clinical (provide direct patient care) and nonclinical positions (do not provide direct patient care).

Results: A total 1,594 HCWs with COVID-19 were included; 103 (6.5%) working in ICU and 1,491 (93.5%) working in non-ICU locations. Compared with non-ICU locations, ICU had more nurses (54.4% vs 22.1%, P < .001) and less support staff (2.9% vs 53.1%, P < .001). COVID-19 infection was similar in ICU and non-ICU locations (9.0% vs 9.8%, P = .374). However, it was significantly higher in ICU nurses (12.3% vs 6.5%, P < .001). Support staff had higher risk than other HCWs, irrespective of ICU working status (15.1% vs 7.2%, P < 0.001). The crude relative risk of COVID-19 in ICU vs non-ICU locations was 0.92, 95% confidence interval ( was 0.76-1.11 (P = .374). However, relative risk adjusted for professional category was significantly increased to 1.23, 95% confidence interval 1.01-1.50 (P = .036).

Conclusions: ICU had a significantly higher risk of COVID-19 infection only after adjusting for the distribution and risk of different professional categories. The latter is probably determined by both exposure level and protection practices. The finding underscores the importance of strict implementation of preventive measures among all HCWs, including those performing nonclinical services.

Keywords: Exposure; Hospital; Professional category, Saudi Arabia; Protection; Risk of infection.

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Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1
Risk of COVID-19 among HCWs working in ICU compared with non-ICU locations at KAMC-R before (crude RR) and after (adjusted RR) adjusting for professional categories Note: Chi-square (P = .374) was used for crude RR while Mantel-Haenszel Chi-square (P = .034) was used for adjusted RR
Fig 2
Fig 2
Epidemic curve of confirmed COVID-19 infection in HCWs (by ICU working status) and patients (by ICU admission status) at KAMC-R, March to November 2020
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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