Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2022;22(6):579-589.
doi: 10.2174/1871530322666220127113752.

Immunological and Metabolic Alterations in Esophageal Cancer

Mary Mikhael  1 , Bilal Pasha  1 , Harleen Chela  2 , Veysel Tahan  2 , Ebubekir Daglilar  2
Affiliations
Review

Immunological and Metabolic Alterations in Esophageal Cancer

Mary Mikhael et al. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets. 2022.

Abstract

Esophageal cancer is one of the most common types of gastrointestinal malignancies that is encountered. It has a global distribution and affects males and females, and is linked to significant morbidity and mortality. The mechanisms underlying pathophysiology are multifactorial and involve the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. This review article describes the immunological and metabolic changes that occur in malignancy of the esophagus.

Keywords: Esophageal cancer; immunology; malignancy; metabolic changes; pathophysiology; stromal cells.

PubMed Disclaimer