Testing antemortem blood samples for ethanol after four to seven years of refrigerated storage

Abstract

The previous studies on ethanol stability in antemortem blood samples stored under various conditions have shown that ethanol concentration decreases with storage. The feasibility of measuring a forensically meaningful blood ethanol concentration in antemortem blood samples stored refrigerated (~4°C) from 4-7 years after the blood draw was evaluated in this research. All blood samples were collected into two 10-ml gray top Vacutainer® tubes as part of police driving under the influence investigations. In 29 cases, blood in the tube originally analyzed was retested after 5-7 years of refrigerated storage. Blood in 41 cases was analyzed in a previously unopened blood tube from the case after 4-7 years of refrigerated storage. The first analysis of blood in each case occurred within 35 days of the blood draw. Initial blood ethanol concentrations ranged from 0.094 g/dl to 0.301 g/dl. No samples showed an increase in ethanol concentration with storage that exceeded the uncertainty of the initial measurement. All decreases in ethanol concentration were less than 0.020 g/dl. The mean differences in ethanol concentration in previously opened and unopened tubes were -0.014 g/dl and -0.010 g/dl, respectively. The results of this research support that antemortem blood in previously opened and unopened refrigerated blood tubes can be analyzed for ethanol content more than 4 years and as much as 7 years after the blood draw and provide a result consistent with the amount of ethanol loss expected from a test done within 1-3 years of the blood draw.

Keywords: BAC; antemortem blood; blood alcohol; blood ethanol; ethanol reanalysis; ethanol stability; forensic alcohol analysis; forensic toxicology.