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Review
. 2022 Jan 29;50(1):12.
doi: 10.1186/s41182-022-00402-x.

Prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis in women: a systematic review and meta-analysis of recently published literature (2016-2020)

Morteza Shams  1 , Sasan Khazaei  2 , Ezatollah Ghasemi  3 , Naser Nazari  4 , Erfan Javanmardi  5 , Hamidreza Majidiani  6 , Saeed Bahadory  2 , Davood Anvari  7   8 , Mohammad Fatollahzadeh  9 , Taher Nemati  9 , Ali Asghari  10
Affiliations
Review

Prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis in women: a systematic review and meta-analysis of recently published literature (2016-2020)

Morteza Shams et al. Trop Med Health. .

Abstract

Background: Urinary schistosomiasis is a serious threat in endemic territories of Africa and the Middle East. The status of female urinary schistosomiasis (FUS) in published literature between 2016 and 2020 was investigated.

Methods: A systematic search in PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science, based on the 'Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses' checklist, and a meta-analysis using random-effects model to calculate the weighted estimates and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were done.

Results: Totally, 113 datasets reported data on 40,531 women from 21 African countries, showing a pooled prevalence of 17.5% (95% CI: 14.8-20.5%). Most studies (73) were performed in Nigeria, while highest prevalence was detected in Mozambique 58% (95% CI: 56.9-59.1%) (one study). By sample type and symptoms, vaginal lavage [25.0% (95% CI: 11.4-46.1%)] and hematuria 19.4% (95% CI: 12.2-29.4%) showed higher FUS frequency. Studies using direct microscopy diagnosed a 17.1% (95% CI: 14.5-20.1%) prevalence rate, higher than PCR-based studies 15.3% (95% CI: 6.1-33.2%). Except for sample type, all other variables had significant association with the overall prevalence of FUS.

Conclusions: More studies are needed to evaluate the true epidemiology of FUS throughout endemic regions.

Keywords: Epidemiology; Meta-analysis; Urinary schistosomiasis; Women.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
PRISMA flow diagram describing included/excluded studies on FUS prevalence (2016–2020)
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
A bias assessment plot from Egger for the FUS prevalence (2016–2020)
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Forest plot of year-based prevalence in Nigeria (2016–2020)
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Forest plot of year-based prevalence in Sudan (2016–2020)
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Forest plot of year-based prevalence in South Africa (2016–2020)
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Forest plot of year-based prevalence in Ghana (2016–2020)
Fig. 7
Fig. 7
Forest plot of year-based prevalence in Malawi (2016–2020)
Fig. 8
Fig. 8
Forest plot of year-based prevalence in Egypt (2016–2020)
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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