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. 2021 Oct 31;76(4):1035-1045.
doi: 10.22092/ari.2021.354310.1632. eCollection 2021 Oct.

Association between Bovine GDF9 SNPs and Calving Rate (Superovulation) in Holstein-Friesian Cows

S T Rasheed  1 , L S Younis  2 , Q M Aboud  2
Affiliations

Association between Bovine GDF9 SNPs and Calving Rate (Superovulation) in Holstein-Friesian Cows

S T Rasheed et al. Arch Razi Inst. .

Abstract

The present study aimed to assess the relationship of Growth Differentiation Factor 9 (GDF9) genotypes with calving rate, Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and Estradiol (E2) in the Iraqi Holstein-Friesian breed. A number of 15 blood samples were collected from a mother of dizygotic twin birth (DZTB) (with high calving rate records), and another blood sample was collected from 15 single birth (SB) cows. The DNA was extracted and six primers were designed for PCR and sequencing analysis. The FSH and E2 levels were tested through the estrus phase for the two groups (n=10 in each group). The sequence evaluation revealed the presence of two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in exon II: A (1109) T and G (1133) A. The genotypic frequency for mutant genotypes was higher significantly (P<0.01) in DZTB cows (with calving rate), as compared to wild genotypes at the same loci. On the other hand, the wild genotypes recorded a significant increment (P<0.01) for SB cows, when compared to mutant genotypes in the same loci. Moreover, a significant rise (P<0.05) was reported in E2 and FSH levels for DZTB cows and mutant genotypes (P<0.01) against SB cows and wild genotypes in 0 and 24 h of estrus phase, respectively. Furthermore, non-significant differences were recorded in E2 concentration among the same genotypes at the same period. In conclusion, the GDF9 exon II SNPs increased the calving rate in Holstein-Friesian cows. The blood FSH and E2 concentrations were higher in the DZTB cows and control the superovulation. Finally, these SNPs can be regarded as markers to accelerate the breeding programs and used in embryo transfer and in vitro embryo production for Iraqi Holstein-Friesian cow breed.

Keywords: Dizygotic twinning; Estradiol; FSH; GDF9 polymorphism; Calving rate.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Polymerase chain reaction fragments of Holstein-Friesian cow GDF9 gene-exon II M=DNA ladder 100-1500 bp, T: Twin birth cow samples, S: Single birth cow samples
Figure 2
Figure 2
Sequence match of the altered nucleotide bases of GDF9 in Holstein-Friesian cow samples, A: samples of single birth cows gene, B: samples of twin birth cows gene
Figure 3
Figure 3
Peripheral plasma FSH and E2 concentration at estrus in Holstein-Friesian cows
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