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. 2022 Jan 31;13(1):1.
doi: 10.1186/s43008-021-00087-7.

The haustorium as a driving force for speciation in thallus-forming Laboulbeniomycetes

Danny Haelewaters  1   2   3 , Maarten Lubbers  4 , André De Kesel  5
Affiliations

The haustorium as a driving force for speciation in thallus-forming Laboulbeniomycetes

Danny Haelewaters et al. IMA Fungus. .

Abstract

Laboulbeniomycetes is a class of fungi that have obligate associations with arthropod hosts, either for dispersal (order Pyxidiophorales) or as biotrophic parasites (orders Herpomycetales and Laboulbeniales). Here, we focus on Herpomycetales and Laboulbeniales, which include fungi that form thalli, 3-dimensional, multicellular units of 1000 s of cells. Based on recently published data regarding patterns of speciation, we present the One-Host-One-Parasite model (1H1P) for haustorial thallus-forming Laboulbeniomycetes. We hypothesize that taxa with haustoria, rhizoidal structures that make contact with the host's body cavity, have very strict host specificity. For taxa without haustoria, the microhabitat-as selected by the host-governs host shifting, presence or absence of the fungus, abundance, effective host range, and geographic distribution. We make suggestions for future research including fluorescent labeling of waxy lipids and mass spectrometry. These techniques have the potential to generate the data necessary to evaluate the here proposed 1H1P hypothesis for Herpomycetales and Laboulbeniales.

Keywords: Ectoparasitic fungi; Haustorium; Herpomyces; Host specificity; Integrative taxonomy; Laboulbeniales; One-Host-One-Parasite.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare they have no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Visualization of the proposed One-Host-One-Parasite model. A. Rickia wasmannii, a single phylogenetic species with Myrmica hosts in phylogenetically unrelated species groups; no penetration through the host’s integument into the haemocoel; and a horseshoe-shaped imprint around a circular inner ring at the otherwise unaffected host integument (scanning electron micrograph, from J. Billen, X. Espadaler, A. Tartally, and S. Tragust). B. Hesperomyces virescens, a complex of multiple species, each species corresponding to a phylogenetic clade with isolates from thalli removed from a given host; penetration through the integument; and a circular 1-µm diameter penetration pore (scanning electron micrograph, from M. Lubbers). Bars = 1 µm. Color schemes for monophyletic clades from https://colorbrewer2.org by C.A. Brewer, Geography, Pennsylvania State University
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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