Renal Tubular Acidosis in Critically Ill Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Abstract

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection associated with multisystemic involvement including renal manifestations has been described in the literature. The recent data show a high mortality rate of 60%-90% once renal function begins to deteriorate. We report on three patients who were admitted to intensive care unit due to severe COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome and developed distal renal tubular acidosis. The three COVID-19 patients had hyperchloremic acidosis which was investigated thoroughly through a biochemical analysis of arterial blood gases and urine test as well as serological tests for autoimmune diseases and chronic infections, in addition to renal ultrasound. Metabolic acidosis was managed through repeated doses of intravenous sodium bicarbonate therapy; however, continuous renal replacement therapy was initiated for two refractory cases. We found that severe COVID-19 infection may be accompanied by hyperchloremic acidosis due to the cytopathic damage of the distal renal tubules, making the buffering system nonefficient and if not managed adequately, it may lead to poor prognosis.