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. 2022 Jan 28;55(suppl 1):e0263.
doi: 10.1590/0037-8682-0263-2021. eCollection 2022.

Burden of Cardiovascular diseases attributable to risk factors in Brazil: data from the "Global Burden of Disease 2019" study

Luisa Campos Caldeira Brant  1 , Bruno Ramos Nascimento  1 , Guilherme Augusto Veloso  2 , Crizian Saar Gomes  3 , Carisi Polanczyk  4 , Gláucia Maria Moraes de Oliveira  5 , Luisa Sorio Flor  6 , Emmanuela Gakidou  6 , Antonio Luiz Pinho Ribeiro  1 , Deborah Carvalho Malta  7
Affiliations

Burden of Cardiovascular diseases attributable to risk factors in Brazil: data from the "Global Burden of Disease 2019" study

Luisa Campos Caldeira Brant et al. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. .

Abstract

Introduction: To better understand trends in the main cause of death in Brazil, we sought to analyze the burden of cardiovascular risk factors (RF) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) attributable to specific RFs in Brazil from 1990 to 2019, using the estimates from the GBD 2019 study.

Methods: To estimate RF exposure, the Summary Exposure Value (SEV) was used, whereas for disease burden attributed to RF, mortality and disability-adjusted life-years (DALY) due to CVD were used. For comparisons over time and between states, we compared age-standardized rates. The sociodemographic index (SDI) was used as a marker of socioeconomic conditions.

Results: In 2019, 83% of CVD mortality in Brazil was attributable to RF. For SEV, there was a reduction in smoking and environmental RF, but an increase in metabolic RF. High systolic blood pressure and dietary risks continue to be the main RF for CVD mortality and DALY. While there was a decline in age-standardized mortality rates attributable to the evaluated RF, there was also a stability or increase in crude mortality rates, with the exception of smoking. It is important to highlight the increase in the risk of death attributable to a high body mass index. Regarding the analysis per state, SEVs and mortality attributable to RF were higher in those states with lower SDIs.

Conclusions: Despite the reduction in CVD mortality and DALY rates attributable to RF, the stability or increase in crude rates attributable to metabolic RFs is worrisome, requiring investments and a renewal of health policies.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interest: Nothing to declare.

Figures

FIGURE 1:
FIGURE 1:. Ranking of age-standardized mortality rates (per 100,000 inhabitants) for cardiovascular diseases attributable to risk factors in 1990 and 2019 in Brazil, for females and males.
FIGURE 2:
FIGURE 2:. Time trends for crude and age-standardized mortality rates (per 100,000 inhabitants) for cardiovascular diseases attributable to selected risk factors with 95% uncertainty intervals, for both sexes. Brazil, 1990 to 2019.
FIGURE 3:
FIGURE 3:. Percent of cardiovascular deaths by cause attributable to selected risk factors in 2019, in Brazil, for females (A) and males (B).
FIGURE 4:
FIGURE 4:. Heat map with age-standardized cardiovascular mortality rates (per 100,000 inhabitants) attributable to risk factors in 1990 and 2019 in Brazil and Federated Units.
FIGURE 5:
FIGURE 5:. Relation between sociodemographic index and relative change in age-standardized mortality rates due to cardiovascular diseases attributable to selected risk factors from 1990 to 2019, in Brazilian Federated Units.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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