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. 2022 Feb 4;8(5):eabj1571.
doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abj1571. Epub 2022 Feb 2.

Seismic tremor reveals active trans-crustal magmatic system beneath Kamchatka volcanoes

Cyril Journeau  1 , Nikolai M Shapiro  1   2 , Léonard Seydoux  1 , Jean Soubestre  3 , Ivan Y Koulakov  4 , Andrei V Jakovlev  4 , Ilyas Abkadyrov  5 , Evgeny I Gordeev  5 , Danila V Chebrov  6 , Dmitry V Droznin  6 , Christoph Sens-Schönfelder  7 , Birger G Luehr  7 , Francis Tong  1 , Gaspard Farge  8 , Claude Jaupart  8
Affiliations

Seismic tremor reveals active trans-crustal magmatic system beneath Kamchatka volcanoes

Cyril Journeau et al. Sci Adv. .

Abstract

The occurrence and the style of volcanic eruptions are largely controlled by the ways in which magma is stored and transported from the mantle to the surface through the crust. Nevertheless, our understanding of the deep roots of volcano-magmatic systems remains very limited. Here, we use the sources of seismovolcanic tremor to delineate the active part of the magmatic system beneath the Klyuchevskoy Volcanic Group in Kamchatka, Russia. The tremor sources are distributed in a wide spatial region over the whole range of crustal depths connecting different volcanoes of the group. The tremor activity is characterized by rapid vertical and lateral migrations explained by fast pressure transients and dynamic permeability. Our results support the conceptual model of extended and highly dynamic trans-crustal magmatic systems.

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Figures

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1.. Spatial density of the tremor sources delineating the active trans-crustal plumbing system beneath the KVG.
(A) Map of the studied region. The inset shows the location of Kamchatka peninsula. Seismic stations are shown with white and black inverted triangles for permanent and temporary networks, respectively. Black dashed rectangle indicates limits of the area used in the grid search. Red dashed line shows a profile for the cross section shown in (C). (B) Sum along vertical lines projected on the horizontal plane. (C) Sum along horizontal lines with fixed depths and along-fault distances projected on a vertical plane corresponding to the profile shown in (B). (D) Similar to (C) but projection on a perpendicular profile shown in (B). Tremor hypocenters are shown with open circles. Light magenta crosses in (B), (C), and (D) show the DLP swarms that occurred on 23 November 2015, 26 November 2015, and 25 February 2016.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 2.. Spatiotemporal patterns of the KVG tremors.
(A) Tremor depth as function of time. Daily activity level determined by the KBGS (62) for three main volcanoes (KLU, Klyuchevskoy; BEZ, Bezymianny; TOL, Tolbachik) are indicated at the top with colored circles. Orange color code corresponds to ongoing eruption. (B) Along fault distance as function of time. Orange and green dashed lines indicate positions of Klyuchevskoy and Tolbachik volcanoes, respectively. Green points correspond to Tolbachik tremor source location for which the difference in temporal tremor stability between Tolbachik and Klyuchevskoy is greater than 0.05. Light magenta crosses in (A) and (B) show the DLP swarms occurred on 23 November 2015, 26 November 2015, and 25 February 2016. (C and D) Detailed view on depth-time tremor patterns during periods indicated with orange rectangles in (A). Source positions are represented with open circles plotted on top of spatial likelihood function smoothed in time. Yellow and gray dashed lines represent visually identified upward and downward migration episodes, respectively. Corresponding speed estimations are written in gray rectangles.
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