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. 2022 Jan 18;20(1):15593258211050532.
doi: 10.1177/15593258211050532. eCollection 2022 Jan-Mar.

Mesoporous SBA-15 Silica-Loaded Nano-formulation of Quercetin: A Probable Radio-Sensitizer for Lung Carcinoma

Saad Alkahtani  1 , Saud Alarifi  1 , Nada H Aljarba  2 , Hamzah A Alghamdi  1 , Abdullah A Alkahtane  1
Affiliations

Mesoporous SBA-15 Silica-Loaded Nano-formulation of Quercetin: A Probable Radio-Sensitizer for Lung Carcinoma

Saad Alkahtani et al. Dose Response. .

Abstract

Lung cancer is considered as one of the most serious disease worldwide. The progress of drug carriers based on nonmaterial, which selectively hold chemotherapeutic agents to cancer cells, has become a major focus in biomedical research. This study aimed to evaluate the growth inhibition and apoptosis induction of the human lung cancer cells (A-549) by Q-loaded SBA-15 conjugate system. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (SBA-15) as host materials for transporting therapeutics medicaments were fabricated for targeted drug delivery toward lung cancer. With the objective of increasing bioavailability and aqueous solubility of flavonoids, SBA-15 was successfully loaded with the quercetin (Q)-a major flavonoid and characterized with the help of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The biological investigation on A549 cell line confirmed that the efficacy of Q-SBA-15 is much higher than only Q. Moreover, the apoptotic pathway of synthesized Q-SBA-15 NPs examined that the Q-SBA-15-mediated apoptosis via PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Thus, the newly conjugated Q-SBA-15 system improved the apoptotic fate through caspase-mediated apoptosis via PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and hence, it can be potentially employed as an anticancer agent for lung cancer.

Keywords: apoptosis; lung cancer; mesoporous; nanoparticles; quercetin.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of Conflicting Interests: The authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Diagram showing Q-loaded SBA-15 conjugate system and its mode of action.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
FTIR spectrum of synthesized Q-SBA-15 in the range of 4000–4400 cm−1.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
TEM images of synthesized SBA-15 (A). under 200 nm scale bar (B) under 10 nm scale bar (C). SAED pattern of SBA-15.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
TEM images of synthesized Q-SBA-15 (A). under 500 nm scale bar (B) under 200 nm scale bar (C) under 50 nm scale bar.
Figure 5.
Figure 5.
(A) MTT assay of Quercetin, Q-SBA-15, (B) only SBA-15 on A549 and (C) Q and Q-SBA-15 on HEK 293 cell line after 24 h of treatment; Each value represents the mean ± SE of three experiments, n = 3, (*P < .05, **P < .01, ***P < .001) compared with the control.
Figure 6.
Figure 6.
Annexin V-FITC/PI data after 12 and 24 h of 10 μg/mL Q-SBA-15 treatment against A549, where Q3, Q4, Q2, and Q1 indicate viable cell, early apoptosis, late apoptosis, and necrosis, respectively. Q-SBA-15 Dephosphorylated AKT/PI3K/mTOR pathway in A549 cells.
Figure 7.
Figure 7.
Expression of p-AKT and p-PI3K after 12 and 24 h of 10 μg/mL Q-SBA-15 treatment against A549, DAPI used as nuclear stainer.
Figure 8.
Figure 8.
Expression of p-mTOR and cytochrome c after 12 and 24 h of 10 μg/mL Q-SBA-15 treatment against A549, DAPI used as nuclear stainer.
Figure 9.
Figure 9.
Expression of caspase-9 after 12 and 24 h of 10 and 20 μg/mL Q-SBA-15 and Q, respectively. Each value represents the mean ± SE of three experiments, n = 3, (*P < .05, **P < .01) compared with control.
Figure 10.
Figure 10.
In vitro time-dependent pharmacokinetics of Q release from Q-SBA-15 at pH of 5.5 and 7.4.
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