Common Variable Immunodeficiency Disorders as a Model for Assessing COVID-19 Vaccine Responses in Immunocompromised Patients

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.798389

. 2022 Jan 18:12:798389.

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.798389. eCollection 2021.

Common Variable Immunodeficiency Disorders as a Model for Assessing COVID-19 Vaccine Responses in Immunocompromised Patients

Rohan Ameratunga^{1

2

3}, See-Tarn Woon^{2

3}, Richard Steele^{2

4}, Klaus Lehnert^{5

6}, Euphemia Leung^{6

7}, Emily S J Edwards⁸, Anna E S Brooks^{5

6}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Clinical Immunology, Auckland Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand.
² Department of Virology and Immunology, Auckland Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand.
³ Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
⁴ Department of Respiratory Medicine, Wellington Hospital, Wellington, New Zealand.
⁵ School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
⁶ Maurice Wilkins Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
⁷ Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
⁸ Allergy and Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.

PMID: 35116031
PMCID: PMC8805700
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.798389

Common Variable Immunodeficiency Disorders as a Model for Assessing COVID-19 Vaccine Responses in Immunocompromised Patients

Rohan Ameratunga et al. Front Immunol. 2022.

. 2022 Jan 18:12:798389.

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.798389. eCollection 2021.

Authors

Rohan Ameratunga^{1

2

3}, See-Tarn Woon^{2

3}, Richard Steele^{2

4}, Klaus Lehnert^{5

6}, Euphemia Leung^{6

7}, Emily S J Edwards⁸, Anna E S Brooks^{5

6}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Clinical Immunology, Auckland Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand.
² Department of Virology and Immunology, Auckland Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand.
³ Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
⁴ Department of Respiratory Medicine, Wellington Hospital, Wellington, New Zealand.
⁵ School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
⁶ Maurice Wilkins Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
⁷ Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
⁸ Allergy and Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.

PMID: 35116031
PMCID: PMC8805700
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.798389

No abstract available

Keywords: COVID-19; CVID - common variable immunodeficiency disorders; SARS-CoV-2; antibody deficiency; vaccine responses.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

**Figure 1**
Showing the relationship between T cell defects, responses to vaccines and outcomes. Vaccines shift the disease severity to the milder end of the spectrum. Instead of fatal disease, vaccinated patients with T cell defects will have a milder version of the infection. There is a risk of Chronic COVID-19 in immunodeficient patients and a vigorous T cell response to vaccines shifts the disease severity to the milder end of the spectrum. COVID-19 disease severity according to WHO criteria.

See this image and copyright information in PMC

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References

1. Tiwari R, Dhama K, Sharun K, Iqbal Yatoo M, Malik YS, Singh R, et al. . COVID-19: Animals, Veterinary and Zoonotic Links. Vet Q (2020) 40(1):169–82. doi: 10.1080/01652176.2020.1766725 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
1. Segreto RA, Deigin Y. The Genetic Structure of SARS-CoV-2 Does Not Rule Out a Laboratory Origin: SARS-COV-2 Chimeric Structure and Furin Cleavage Site Might be the Result of Genetic Manipulation. Bioessays (2021) 43(3):e2000240. doi: 10.1002/bies.202000240 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
1. Holmes EC, Goldstein SA, Rasmussen AL, Robertson DL, Crits-Christoph A, Wertheim JO, et al. . The Origins of SARS-CoV-2: A Critical Review. Cell (2021) 184(19):4848–56. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.08.017 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
1. Hoffmann M, Kleine-Weber H, Schroeder S, Kruger N, Herrler T, Erichsen S, et al. . SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and Is Blocked by a Clinically Proven Protease Inhibitor. Cell (2020) 4(20):30229–4. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.052 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
1. Baek WK, Sohn SY, Mahgoub A, Hage R. A Comprehensive Review of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2. Cureus (2020) 12(5):e7943. doi: 10.7759/cureus.7943 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

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[1] Tiwari R, Dhama K, Sharun K, Iqbal Yatoo M, Malik YS, Singh R, et al. . COVID-19: Animals, Veterinary and Zoonotic Links. Vet Q (2020) 40(1):169–82. doi: 10.1080/01652176.2020.1766725 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[2] Tiwari R, Dhama K, Sharun K, Iqbal Yatoo M, Malik YS, Singh R, et al. . COVID-19: Animals, Veterinary and Zoonotic Links. Vet Q (2020) 40(1):169–82. doi: 10.1080/01652176.2020.1766725 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[3] Segreto RA, Deigin Y. The Genetic Structure of SARS-CoV-2 Does Not Rule Out a Laboratory Origin: SARS-COV-2 Chimeric Structure and Furin Cleavage Site Might be the Result of Genetic Manipulation. Bioessays (2021) 43(3):e2000240. doi: 10.1002/bies.202000240 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[4] Segreto RA, Deigin Y. The Genetic Structure of SARS-CoV-2 Does Not Rule Out a Laboratory Origin: SARS-COV-2 Chimeric Structure and Furin Cleavage Site Might be the Result of Genetic Manipulation. Bioessays (2021) 43(3):e2000240. doi: 10.1002/bies.202000240 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[5] Holmes EC, Goldstein SA, Rasmussen AL, Robertson DL, Crits-Christoph A, Wertheim JO, et al. . The Origins of SARS-CoV-2: A Critical Review. Cell (2021) 184(19):4848–56. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.08.017 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[6] Holmes EC, Goldstein SA, Rasmussen AL, Robertson DL, Crits-Christoph A, Wertheim JO, et al. . The Origins of SARS-CoV-2: A Critical Review. Cell (2021) 184(19):4848–56. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.08.017 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[7] Hoffmann M, Kleine-Weber H, Schroeder S, Kruger N, Herrler T, Erichsen S, et al. . SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and Is Blocked by a Clinically Proven Protease Inhibitor. Cell (2020) 4(20):30229–4. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.052 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[8] Hoffmann M, Kleine-Weber H, Schroeder S, Kruger N, Herrler T, Erichsen S, et al. . SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and Is Blocked by a Clinically Proven Protease Inhibitor. Cell (2020) 4(20):30229–4. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.052 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[9] Baek WK, Sohn SY, Mahgoub A, Hage R. A Comprehensive Review of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2. Cureus (2020) 12(5):e7943. doi: 10.7759/cureus.7943 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[10] Baek WK, Sohn SY, Mahgoub A, Hage R. A Comprehensive Review of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2. Cureus (2020) 12(5):e7943. doi: 10.7759/cureus.7943 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

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Common Variable Immunodeficiency Disorders as a Model for Assessing COVID-19 Vaccine Responses in Immunocompromised Patients

Affiliations

Common Variable Immunodeficiency Disorders as a Model for Assessing COVID-19 Vaccine Responses in Immunocompromised Patients

Authors

Affiliations

Conflict of interest statement

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