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Review
. 2022 Jan 15;14(1):90-109.
doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v14.i1.90.

Gastric cancer: An epigenetic view

Si-Yuan Tang  1 , Pei-Jun Zhou  2 , Yu Meng  3 , Fu-Rong Zeng  3 , Guang-Tong Deng  4
Affiliations
Review

Gastric cancer: An epigenetic view

Si-Yuan Tang et al. World J Gastrointest Oncol. .

Abstract

Gastric cancer (GC) poses a serious threat worldwide with unfavorable prognosis mainly due to late diagnosis and limited therapies. Therefore, precise molecular classification and search for potential targets are required for diagnosis and treatment, as GC is complicated and heterogeneous in nature. Accumulating evidence indicates that epigenetics plays a vital role in gastric carcinogenesis and progression, including histone modifications, DNA methylation and non-coding RNAs. Epigenetic biomarkers and drugs are currently under intensive evaluations to ensure efficient clinical utility in GC. In this review, key epigenetic alterations and related functions and mechanisms are summarized in GC. We focus on integration of existing epigenetic findings in GC for the bench-to-bedside translation of some pivotal epigenetic alterations into clinical practice and also describe the vacant field waiting for investigation.

Keywords: DNA methylation; Epigenetics; Gastric cancer; Histone modifications; Non-coding RNAs.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict-of-interest statement: All authors have no any conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Histone modifications in gastric cancer. Layers show different histone modifications. Blue panel: Modification types; Pink panel: Modified residues and catalytic enzymes; Green panel: Epigenetic alterations sites; Yellow panel: Biological functions regulated by histone modifications. HAT; Histone acetylase; HDAC: Histone deacetylase; HMT: Histone methyltransferase; HDM: Histone demethylase; UBE: Ubiquitin enzyme; DUB: Deubiquitinase.
Figure 2
Figure 2
DNA methylation in gastric cancer. Aberrant methylation in promoter, shore area and gene body altered gene expression and involves in gastric carcinogenesis.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Non coding RNA in gastric cancer. The major mechanism and biological function of lncRNA, miRNA and circRNA in gastric cancer.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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