Current knowledge of vector-borne zoonotic pathogens in Zambia: A clarion call to scaling-up "One Health" research in the wake of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases

doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0010193

Review

. 2022 Feb 4;16(2):e0010193.

doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010193. eCollection 2022 Feb.

Current knowledge of vector-borne zoonotic pathogens in Zambia: A clarion call to scaling-up "One Health" research in the wake of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases

Benjamin Mubemba^{1

2}, Monicah M Mburu³, Katendi Changula⁴, Walter Muleya⁵, Lavel C Moonga⁶, Herman M Chambaro⁷, Masahiro Kajihara⁸, Yongjin Qiu⁹, Yasuko Orba^{7

10}, Kyoko Hayashida^{6

10}, Catherine G Sutcliffe^{11

12}, Douglas E Norris¹³, Philip E Thuma³, Phillimon Ndubani³, Simbarashe Chitanga^{14

15

16}, Hirofumi Sawa^{7

9

10

17

18

19

20}, Ayato Takada^{8

17

18}, Edgar Simulundu^{3

17}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Wildlife Sciences, School of Natural Resources, Copperbelt University, Kitwe, Zambia.
² Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Copperbelt University, Ndola, Zambia.
³ Macha Research Trust, Choma, Zambia.
⁴ Department of Paraclinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.
⁵ Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.
⁶ Division of Collaboration and Education, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
⁷ Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
⁸ Division of Global Epidemiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
⁹ Division of International Research Promotion, Hokkaido University International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan.
¹⁰ International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
¹¹ Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.
¹² Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.
¹³ The W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.
¹⁴ Department of Paraclinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia.
¹⁵ Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.
¹⁶ School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
¹⁷ Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.
¹⁸ Africa Centre of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Humans and Animals, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.
¹⁹ Global Virus Network, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.
²⁰ One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.

PMID: 35120135
PMCID: PMC8849493
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010193

Review

Current knowledge of vector-borne zoonotic pathogens in Zambia: A clarion call to scaling-up "One Health" research in the wake of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases

Benjamin Mubemba et al. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2022.

. 2022 Feb 4;16(2):e0010193.

doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010193. eCollection 2022 Feb.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Wildlife Sciences, School of Natural Resources, Copperbelt University, Kitwe, Zambia.
² Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Copperbelt University, Ndola, Zambia.
³ Macha Research Trust, Choma, Zambia.
⁴ Department of Paraclinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.
⁵ Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.
⁶ Division of Collaboration and Education, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
⁷ Division of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
⁸ Division of Global Epidemiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
⁹ Division of International Research Promotion, Hokkaido University International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan.
¹⁰ International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
¹¹ Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.
¹² Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.
¹³ The W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.
¹⁴ Department of Paraclinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia.
¹⁵ Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.
¹⁶ School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
¹⁷ Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.
¹⁸ Africa Centre of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Humans and Animals, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.
¹⁹ Global Virus Network, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.
²⁰ One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.

PMID: 35120135
PMCID: PMC8849493
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010193

Abstract

Background: Although vector-borne zoonotic diseases are a major public health threat globally, they are usually neglected, especially among resource-constrained countries, including those in sub-Saharan Africa. This scoping review examined the current knowledge and identified research gaps of vector-borne zoonotic pathogens in Zambia.

Methods and findings: Major scientific databases (Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, CABI, Scientific Information Database (SID)) were searched for articles describing vector-borne (mosquitoes, ticks, fleas and tsetse flies) zoonotic pathogens in Zambia. Several mosquito-borne arboviruses have been reported including Yellow fever, Ntaya, Mayaro, Dengue, Zika, West Nile, Chikungunya, Sindbis, and Rift Valley fever viruses. Flea-borne zoonotic pathogens reported include Yersinia pestis and Rickettsia felis. Trypanosoma sp. was the only tsetse fly-borne pathogen identified. Further, tick-borne zoonotic pathogens reported included Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic fever virus, Rickettsia sp., Anaplasma sp., Ehrlichia sp., Borrelia sp., and Coxiella burnetii.

Conclusions: This study revealed the presence of many vector-borne zoonotic pathogens circulating in vectors and animals in Zambia. Though reports of human clinical cases were limited, several serological studies provided considerable evidence of zoonotic transmission of vector-borne pathogens in humans. However, the disease burden in humans attributable to vector-borne zoonotic infections could not be ascertained from the available reports and this precludes the formulation of national policies that could help in the control and mitigation of the impact of these diseases in Zambia. Therefore, there is an urgent need to scale-up "One Health" research in emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases to enable the country to prepare for future epidemics, including pandemics.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

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References

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1. Grace D, Mutua F, Ochungo P, Kruska RL, Jones K, Brierley L, et al.. Mapping of poverty and likely zoonoses hotspots Zoonoses Project 4 Report to Department for International Development, UK 2. International Livestock Research Institute. 2012. https://cgspace.cgiar.org/handle/10568/21161
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[1] Taylor LH, Latham SM, Woolhouse MEJ. Risk factors for human disease emergence. Woolhouse MEJ, Dye C, editors. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B. 2001;356: 983–989. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2001.0888 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[2] Taylor LH, Latham SM, Woolhouse MEJ. Risk factors for human disease emergence. Woolhouse MEJ, Dye C, editors. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B. 2001;356: 983–989. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2001.0888 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[3] Swei A, Couper LI, Coffey LL, Kapan D, Bennett S. Patterns, drivers, and challenges of vector-borne disease emergence. Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases. 2020;20: 159–170. doi: 10.1089/vbz.2018.2432 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[4] Swei A, Couper LI, Coffey LL, Kapan D, Bennett S. Patterns, drivers, and challenges of vector-borne disease emergence. Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases. 2020;20: 159–170. doi: 10.1089/vbz.2018.2432 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[5] Pedersen AB, Davies TJ. Cross-species pathogen transmission and disease emergence in primates. EcoHealth. 2009;6: 496–508. doi: 10.1007/s10393-010-0284-3 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[6] Pedersen AB, Davies TJ. Cross-species pathogen transmission and disease emergence in primates. EcoHealth. 2009;6: 496–508. doi: 10.1007/s10393-010-0284-3 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[7] Grace D, Mutua F, Ochungo P, Kruska RL, Jones K, Brierley L, et al.. Mapping of poverty and likely zoonoses hotspots Zoonoses Project 4 Report to Department for International Development, UK 2. International Livestock Research Institute. 2012. https://cgspace.cgiar.org/handle/10568/21161

[8] Grace D, Mutua F, Ochungo P, Kruska RL, Jones K, Brierley L, et al.. Mapping of poverty and likely zoonoses hotspots Zoonoses Project 4 Report to Department for International Development, UK 2. International Livestock Research Institute. 2012. https://cgspace.cgiar.org/handle/10568/21161

[9] Salyer SJ, Silver R, Simone K, Behravesh CB. Prioritizing zoonoses for global health capacity building—themes from one health zoonotic disease workshops in 7 countries, 2014–2016. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2017;23: S57–S64. doi: 10.3201/eid2313.170418 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[10] Salyer SJ, Silver R, Simone K, Behravesh CB. Prioritizing zoonoses for global health capacity building—themes from one health zoonotic disease workshops in 7 countries, 2014–2016. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2017;23: S57–S64. doi: 10.3201/eid2313.170418 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

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Current knowledge of vector-borne zoonotic pathogens in Zambia: A clarion call to scaling-up "One Health" research in the wake of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases

Affiliations

Current knowledge of vector-borne zoonotic pathogens in Zambia: A clarion call to scaling-up "One Health" research in the wake of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases

Authors

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Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

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