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Review
. 2022 Jul;260(7):2087-2093.
doi: 10.1007/s00417-022-05577-x. Epub 2022 Feb 5.

Neovascular age-related macular degeneration: advancement in retinal imaging builds a bridge between histopathology and clinical findings

Enrico Borrelli  1 , Francesco Bandello  1 , Eric H Souied  2 , Costanza Barresi  1 , Alexandra Miere  2 , Lea Querques  1 , Riccardo Sacconi  1 , Giuseppe Querques  3
Affiliations
Review

Neovascular age-related macular degeneration: advancement in retinal imaging builds a bridge between histopathology and clinical findings

Enrico Borrelli et al. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2022 Jul.

Abstract

Purpose: To provide a review of the salient histological and imaging features in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) that will be integrated in order to have a better comprehension of the pathogenesis and clinical aspects of this disease.

Methods: A literature review of histology and imaging features in neovascular AMD was conducted.

Results: Histology has granted a detailed characterization of neovascular AMD ex vivo. In details, histological features in these eyes have offered important insights into the pathogenesis of neovascular AMD. In addition, histology donated a detailed characterization of the different types of macular neovascularization (MNV) that may complicate AMD. The introduction of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) has enormously amplified our knowledge of neovascular AMD through in vivo assessment of the anatomical and pathological characteristics of this disease. New insights elucidating the morphological features of the choriocapillaris confirmed that this vascular structure plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of neovascular AMD. OCTA also offered a detailed visualization of MNV complicating neovascular AMD.

Conclusions: New imaging technologies offer a remarkable chance to build a bridge between histology and clinical findings in neovascular AMD.

Keywords: Age-related macular degeneration; Drusen; Geographic atrophy; Histology; Imaging; Macular neovascularization; Optical coherence tomography; Optical coherence tomography angiography.

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References

    1. Spaide RF, Jaffe GJ, Sarraf D, et al (2019) Consensus nomenclature for reporting neovascular age-related macular degeneration data: consensus on neovascular age-related macular degeneration nomenclature study group. Ophthalmology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2019.11.004
    1. Borrelli E, Sadda SR, Uji A, Querques G (2019) Pearls and pitfalls of optical coherence tomography angiography imaging: a review. Ophthalmol Ther. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40123-019-0178-6
    1. Borrelli E, Sarraf D, Freund KB, Sadda SR (2018) OCT angiography and evaluation of the choroid and choroidal vascular disorders. Prog Retin Eye Res. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.preteyeres.2018.07.002
    1. Spaide RRF, Fujimoto JG, Waheed NK et al (2017) Optical coherence tomography angiography. Prog Retin Eye Res 64:1–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.preteyeres.2017.11.003 - DOI - PubMed - PMC
    1. Borrelli E, Parravano M, Sacconi R et al (2020) Guidelines on optical coherence tomography angiography imaging: 2020 focused update. Ophthalmol Ther 9(4), 697–707

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