Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2022 Jan 25:2022:4802480.
doi: 10.1155/2022/4802480. eCollection 2022.

Case Analysis and Literature Review of Thirteen Patients with Autoimmune Encephalitis

Anqi Huang  1 , Jingru Wang  1 , De-Peng Feng  1 , Weiwei Wang  1 , Xueli Li  1   2
Affiliations
Review

Case Analysis and Literature Review of Thirteen Patients with Autoimmune Encephalitis

Anqi Huang et al. Dis Markers. .

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the clinical manifestations, laboratory and imaging examinations, and the treatment outcomes of autoimmune encephalitis (AE).

Methods: The clinical data of 13 patients with autoimmune encephalitis who were hospitalized in the department of neurology, Liaocheng People's Hospital from July 2016 to August 2018 were retrospectively analyzed.

Results: The average age of onset of the 13 patients was 45 years, including 6 cases (46%) of anti-NMDAR encephalitis, 3 cases (23%) of anti-GABAB receptor encephalitis, and 4 cases (30%) of anti-LG11 encephalitis, and 4 of them showed abnormal signals of brain MRI (30%). 13 patients (100%) had cognitive impairment and psychiatric symptoms; seizures occurred in 12 patients (92%); lung cancer was found in 1 patient (7%). One case was given up because of the treatment of lung cancer, the other was controlled obviously in epilepsy, and cognitive impairment and abnormal mental behavior were also significantly improved.

Conclusion: Patients with AE still need to be diagnosed early to avoid missed diagnosis and receive early immunosuppressive therapy, which could effectively reduce mortality and morbidity. A detailed history, clinical manifestations, and positive results for specific NSAbs tests can confirm the diagnosis, and the treatment is mainly done by immunosuppressive therapy.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

We declare no conflict of interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The cranial brain MRI of one case of anti-LG1 receptor encephalitis: (a) bilateral long tabular hippocampal T1, (b) slightly longer signal T2, and (c) FLAIR sequence with a slightly higher signal and repeat brain MRI showed bilateral hippocampal swelling.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The cranial brain MRI of one case of anti-GABAB receptor encephalitis showed bilateral hippocampal swelling.
Figure 3
Figure 3
The cranial brain MRI of anti-LG11 antibody-positive encephalitis recurrence in the follow-up: abnormal signal on the left side of the hippocampus, (a) flaky long T1, (b) slightly longer T2 signal, and (c) FLAIR sequence shows a slightly higher signal.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Lancaster E., Leypoldt F., Pruss H., et al. A clinical approach to diagnosis of autoimmune encephalitis. Lancet Neurology . 2016;15(4):391–404. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(15)00401-9. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Dalmau J., Tuzun E., Wu H. Y., et al. Paraneoplastic anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis associated with ovarian teratoma. Annals of Neurology . 2007;61(1):25–36. doi: 10.1002/ana.21050. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Guan H. Z., Ren H. T., Cui L. Y. Autoimmune Encephalitis. Chinese Medical Journal . 2016;129(9):1122–1127. doi: 10.4103/0366-6999.180514. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Gresa-Arribas N., Titulaer M. J., Torrents A., et al. Antibody titres at diagnosis and during follow-up of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis: a retrospective study. Lancet Neurology . 2014;13(2):167–177. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(13)70282-5. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Dalmau J., Lancaster E., Martinez-Hernandez E., Rosenfeld M. R., Balice-Gordon R. Clinical experience and laboratory investigations in patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis. Lancet Neurology . 2011;10(1):63–74. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(10)70253-2. - DOI - PMC - PubMed