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. 2022 Apr;7(4):932-934.
doi: 10.1016/j.ekir.2022.01.1068. Epub 2022 Feb 1.

A Vector-Based Vaccine Dose After 3 Doses of mRNA-Based COVID-19 Vaccination Does Not Substantially Improve Humoral SARS-CoV-2 Immunity in Renal Transplant Recipients

Toralf Roch  1   2 , Benjamin Rohn  1 , Arturo Blazquez-Navarro  1   2 , Toni L Meister  3 , Elena Vidal Blanco  3 , Krystallenia Paniskaki  4 , Jacqueline Wellenkötter  5 , Panagiota Zgoura  1 , Tina Giglio  5 , Stephanie Pfaender  3 , Ulrik Stervbo  1 , Richard Viebahn  5 , Okan Cinkilic  6 , Timm H Westhoff  1 , Nina Babel  1   2
Affiliations

A Vector-Based Vaccine Dose After 3 Doses of mRNA-Based COVID-19 Vaccination Does Not Substantially Improve Humoral SARS-CoV-2 Immunity in Renal Transplant Recipients

Toralf Roch et al. Kidney Int Rep. 2022 Apr.
No abstract available

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Humoral and cellular immune responses after a vector-based vaccination in kidney transplant recipient who failed the vaccination with 3 mRNA-based vaccines. KTX with failed or low seroconversion after 3 BNT162b2 (Pfizer–BioNTech) prime-boost vaccinations were subjected to a fourth vaccination with Ad26.COV2.S (Johnson & Johnson). Humoral and cellular immune responses before (red) and after 35 days in median with an interquartile range of 15.25 days (orange) of the fourth vaccination are found. (a) ELISA was performed to quantify the level of SARS-CoV-2 S-protein–binding antibodies. (b) Neutralizing capacity of the serum was evaluated by a pseudovirus system bearing the SARS-CoV-2 WT or the delta-VOC-S-protein. The assay detection range for ND50 is 20 to 2560. Values below 20 were extrapolated. (c–l) S-protein–reactive T-cells were analyzed by flow cytometry after an overnight stimulation of PBMC with OPPs spanning the S-protein of SARS-CoV-2 (Supplementary Figure S1). (c) CD154 and CD69 expression was used for quantification of S-protein–reactive CD4+ T-cells. (d) CD137 and CD69 expression was used for quantification of S-protein–reactive CD8+ T-cells. (e) Quantification of S-protein–reactive Tfh cells, as defined by CXCR5 expression (Supplementary Figure S1). Expression of (f) IFNγ, (g) IL-2, and TNFα by CD4+CD137+ T-cells. Expression of (j) the effector molecule GrB, (k) IFNγ, and (l) TNFα among activated CD8+CD137+ T-cells. (m, n) Analysis of T-cell immunity after stimulation with Delta-VOC-S peptides (Delta) and the corresponding peptides from WT-S (Wuhan-1 isolate). (m) The frequency of antigen-specific CD4+ T-cells. (n) The frequency of antigen-specific CD8+ T-cells. The box plots indicate the 75th, 50th, and 25th quantiles, and the whiskers indicate 1.5× the interquartile range. Statistical differences were analyzed using the paired t test. CXCR5, CXC chemokine receptor 5; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; GrB; granzyme B; IFNγ, interferon gamma; IL-2, interleukin 2; OPP, overlapping peptide pool; PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cell; Tfh, T follicular helper; TNFα, tumor necrosis factor alpha.
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References

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    1. Stumpf J., Siepmann T., Lindner T., et al. Humoral and cellular immunity to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in renal transplant versus dialysis patients: a prospective, multicenter observational study using mRNA-1273 or BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine. Lancet Reg Health Eur. 2021;9:100178. doi: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2021.100178. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Westhoff T.H., Seibert F.S., Anft M., et al. A third vaccine dose substantially improves humoral and cellular SARS-CoV-2 immunity in renal transplant recipients with primary humoral nonresponse. Kidney Int. 2021;100:1135–1136. doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2021.09.001. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Schmidt T., Klemis V., Schub D., et al. Cellular immunity predominates over humoral immunity after homologous and heterologous mRNA and vector-based COVID-19 vaccine regimens in solid organ transplant recipients. Am J Transplant. 2021;21:3990–4002. doi: 10.1111/ajt.16818. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

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