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Review
. 2021 Dec;59(4):387-412.
doi: 10.17113/ftb.59.04.21.7300.

Biogas Production Systems and Upgrading Technologies: A Review

Martina Andlar  1 , Halina Belskaya  2 , Galina Morzak  2 , Mirela Ivančić Šantek  1 , Tonči Rezić  1 , Vlatka Petravić Tominac  1 , Božidar Šantek  1
Affiliations
Review

Biogas Production Systems and Upgrading Technologies: A Review

Martina Andlar et al. Food Technol Biotechnol. 2021 Dec.

Abstract

The underutilized biomass and different organic waste streams are nowadays in the focus of research for renewable energy production due to the effusive use of fossil fuels and greenhouse gas emission. In addition, one of the major environmental problems is also a constant increase of the number of organic waste streams. In a lot of countries, sustainable waste management, including waste prevention and reduction, has become a priority as a means to reduce pollution and greenhouse gas emission. Application of biogas technology is one of the promising methods to provide solutions for both actual energy-related and environmental problems. This review aims to present conventional and novel biogas production systems, as well as purification and upgrading technologies, nowadays applicable on a large scale, with a special focus on the CO2 and H2S removal. It also gives an overview of feedstock and the parameters important for biogas production, together with digestate utilization and application of molecular biology in order to improve the biogas production.

Keywords: anaerobic digestion; biogas production; biogas purification and upgrading technologies; different anaerobic bioreactor systems; digestate.

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Conflict of interest statement

CONFLICT OF INTEREST The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Different bioreactors for anaerobic digestion: a) anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR), b) continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) in a two-stage system, c) anaerobic plug-flow reactor (APFR), d) bioreactor with sludge retention system, e) up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) bioreactor, f) up-flow anaerobic solid-state (UASS) bioreactor, g) anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR), h) anaerobic fluidized bed reactor (AFBR), i) horizontal-flow anaerobic immobilized biomass (HAIB) bioreactor, and j) anaerobic membrane bioreactor
Fig. S1
Fig. S1
Microbial and metabolic characteristics of biogas production: a) the main phases of anaerobic digestion, and b) metabolic pathways of methane synthesis in Methanosarcina barkeri CM1. HSCoA=coenzyme A, HSCoB=coenzyme B, HSCoM=coenzyme M, MF=methanofuran, H4MPT=tetrahydromethanopterin, CODH/ACS=carbon monoxide dehydrogenase/acetyl-CoA synthase, ack=acetate kinase, Fwd/Fmd=formyl-methanofuran dehydrogenase/formyl-methanofuran-H4MPT formyl transferase, Fd=ferredoxin, Ftr=formyltransferase, Mch=methanopterin cyclohydrolase, Mtd=F420-dependent methenyle-H4MPT-dehydrogenase, Mer=methylene-H4MPT-reductase, Mtr=methyltransferase, Mcr=methyl-coenzyme M reductase (3)
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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