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Meta-Analysis
. 2021 Dec 8:10:1257.
doi: 10.12688/f1000research.73883.1. eCollection 2021.

Factor Xa inhibitor for venous thromboembolism management in patient with cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Johanes Nugroho Eko Putranto  1   2 , Ardyan Wardhana  3 , Yoga Alfian Noor  1   2 , Pirhot Lambok Marnala Yosua Siahaan  2   4 , Makhyan Jibril Al Farabi  1   4
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Factor Xa inhibitor for venous thromboembolism management in patient with cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Johanes Nugroho Eko Putranto et al. F1000Res. .

Abstract

Background: An earlier systematic review reported no differences in the incidence of recurrent venous thromboembolism and major bleeding between factor Xa inhibitors and standard anticoagulation. The present meta-analysis aimed to assess the effectiveness of factor Xa inhibitors for the management of venous thromboembolism (VTE), specifically in patients with cancer, as there were more randomized clinical trials (RCTs) available. Methods: The PubMed and Cochrane Library databases were systematically screened for all RCTs assessing factor Xa inhibitor efficacy for VTE management in cancer patients. Using RevMan 5.3, we performed a Mantel-Haenszel fixed-effects meta-analysis of the following outcomes: recurrent VTE, VTE events, and major bleeding rates. Results: We identified 11 studies involving 7,965 patients. Factor Xa inhibitors were superior in preventing VTE recurrence, compared to low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) (OR 0.60; 95% CI 0.45-0.80; P < 0.01) and vitamin K antagonists (VKA) (OR 0.51; 95% CI 0.33-0.78; P < 0.01). As prophylaxis, factor Xa inhibitors had a similar rate of VTE compared to VKAs (OR 1.08 [95% CI 0.31-3.77]; P = 0.90) and a lower rate compared to placebo (OR 0.54 [95% CI 0.35-0.81]; P < 0.01). Major bleeding rates were higher with factor Xa inhibitors than with LMWHs (OR 1.34 [95% CI 0.83-2.18]; P = 0.23), but significantly lower than VKAs (OR 0.71 [95% CI 0.55-0.92]; P < 0.01). Conclusions: Factor Xa inhibitors are effective for VTE management in patients with cancer; however, they are also associated with an increased bleeding risk compared to LMWH, but decreased when compared to VKA.

Keywords: bleeding; cancer; factor Xa inhibitor; oral anticoagulant; venous thromboembolism..

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Conflict of interest statement

No competing interests were disclosed.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.. PRISMA flow diagram.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.. Risk of bias assessment.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.. Funnel plot of (A) recurrent VTE outcome; (B) new VTE outcome; (C) major bleeding outcome.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.. Forest plot of recurrent VTE outcome.
Figure 5.
Figure 5.. Forest plot of new VTE outcome.
Figure 6.
Figure 6.. Forest plot of major bleeding outcome.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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