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Randomized Controlled Trial
. 2022 May;118(5):875-882.
doi: 10.36660/abc.20210069.

Comparison between the Effects of Hymalaian Salt and Common Salt Intake on Urinary Sodium and Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Individuals

[Article in English, Portuguese]
Isabela P Loyola  1 , Mauri Félix de Sousa  2 , Thiago Veiga Jardim  1 , Marcela M Mendes  3 , Weimar Kunz Sebba Barroso  1 , Ana Luiza Lima Sousa  1 , Paulo César B Veiga Jardim  1
Affiliations
Randomized Controlled Trial

Comparison between the Effects of Hymalaian Salt and Common Salt Intake on Urinary Sodium and Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Individuals

[Article in English, Portuguese]
Isabela P Loyola et al. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2022 May.

Abstract
in English, Portuguese

Background: The Himalayan salt (HS) has become a popular alternative for the traditional table salt (TS) due to its health benefit claims, particularly for individuals with arterial hypertension. However, despite the increase in HS consumption, there is still a lack of clinical evidence to support a recommendation for its consumption by health professionals.

Objective: This cross-over study aimed to compare the impact of HS and TS intake on systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and urinary sodium concentration in individuals with arterial hypertension.

Methods: This study recruited 17 female patients with arterial hypertension who ate out no more than once a week. Participants were randomized into two groups, to receive and consume either HS or TS. Before and after each intervention, participants had their blood pressure measured and urine collected for mineral analysis. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: There were no statistically significant differences before and after the HS intervention for DBP (70mmHg vs. 68.5mmHg; p=0.977), SBP (118.5 mmHg vs. 117.5 mmHg; p= 0.932) and sodium urinary concentration (151 mEq/24h vs. 159 mEq/24; p=0.875). Moreover, the between-group analysis showed no significant differences after the intervention regarding SBP (117mmHg vs 119 mmHg; p=0.908), DBP (68.5 mmHg vs. 71mmHg; p= 0,645) or sodium urinary concentration (159 mEq/24h vs. 155 mEq/24h; p=0.734).

Conclusion: This study suggests that there are no significant differences on the impact of HS consumption compared to TS on blood pressure and sodium urinary concentration in individuals with arterial hypertension.

Fundamento: O sal do Himalaia (SH) tornou-se uma alternativa popular para o sal de mesa (SM) devido às suas alegações de benefícios à saúde, principalmente para indivíduos com hipertensão arterial. Porém, apesar do aumento do consumo de SH, ainda faltam evidências clínicas que sustentem a recomendação de seu consumo por profissionais de saúde.

Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo comparar o impacto da ingestão de SH e SM sobre a pressão arterial sistólica (PAS), pressão arterial diastólica (PAD) e concentração de sódio urinário em indivíduos com PA.

Métodos: Este estudo recrutou 17 pacientes do sexo feminino com hipertensão arterial que comiam fora de casa no máximo uma vez por semana. Os participantes foram divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos, para receber e consumir SH ou SM. Antes e depois de cada intervenção, os participantes tiveram sua pressão arterial medida e urina coletada para análise mineral. Um valor de p <0,05 foi considerado estatisticamente significativo.

Resultados: Não houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas antes e depois da intervenção SH para PAD (70 mmHg vs. 68,5 mmHg; p = 0,977), PAS (118,5 mmHg vs. 117,5 mmHg; p = 0,932) e concentração urinária de sódio (151 mEq / 24h vs. 159 mEq / 24; p = 0,875). Além disso, a análise entre os grupos não mostrou diferenças significativas após a intervenção em relação a PAS (117 mmHg vs 119 mmHg; p = 0,908), PAD (68,5 mmHg vs 71 mmHg; p = 0,645) ou concentração urinária de sódio (159 mEq / 24h vs 155 mEq / 24h; p = 0,734).

Conclusão: Este estudo sugere que não há diferenças significativas no impacto do consumo de SH em relação ao SM na PA e concentração urinária de sódio em indivíduos com hipertensão arterial.

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Conflict of interest statement

Potencial conflito de interesse

Não há conflito com o presente artigo

Figures

Figura 1
Figura 1. – Fluxograma da randomização dos pacientes.
Figura 2
Figura 2. – Comparação dos valores de pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) e pressão arterial diastólica (PAD) entre os grupos submetidos à intervenção com sal do Himalaia (SH) e sal de mesa (SM) antes e após as intervenções.1 (n=14)
Figura 3
Figura 3. Comparação de sódio (Na), cálcio (Ca), e potássio (K) entre os grupos submetidos à intervenção com sal do Himalaia (SH) e sal de mesa (SM) antes e após as intervenções (n=14) Teste de Mann- Whitney.
Figure 1
Figure 1. – Flow diagram of patients’ randomization.
Figure 2
Figure 2. – Comparison of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) values between pre-and post-interventions (Himalayan salt [HS] and the table salt [TS] interventions)1 (n=14)
Figure 3
Figure 3. Comparison of urinary sodium (Na), calcium (Ca) and potassium (K) values between Himalayan salt (HS) and table salt (TS) groups before and after intervention (n=14); Mann- Whitnney Test.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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References

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