. 2022 Dec;272(8):1611-1620.

doi: 10.1007/s00406-021-01366-5. Epub 2022 Feb 10.

Investigating the phenotypic and genetic associations between personality traits and suicidal behavior across major mental health diagnoses

Janos L Kalman^{1

2

3}, Tomoya Yoshida⁴, Till F M Andlauer^{5

6}, Eva C Schulte^{7

8}, Kristina Adorjan^{7

8}, Martin Alda⁹, Raffaela Ardau¹⁰, Jean-Michel Aubry^{11

12}, Katharina Brosch^{13

14}, Monika Budde⁷, Caterina Chillotti¹⁰, Piotr M Czerski¹⁵, Raymond J DePaulo¹⁶, Andreas Forstner^{17

18

19}, Fernando S Goes¹⁶, Maria Grigoroiu-Serbanescu²⁰, Paul Grof^{21

22}, Dominik Grotegerd²³, Tim Hahn²³, Maria Heilbronner⁷, Roland Hasler¹¹, Urs Heilbronner⁷, Stefanie Heilmann-Heimbach¹⁸, Pawel Kapelski¹⁵, Tadafumi Kato²⁴, Mojtaba Oraki Kohshour^{7

25}, Susanne Meinert^{23

26}, Tina Meller^{13

14}, Igor Nenadić^{13

14}, Markus M Nöthen¹⁸, Tomas Novak^{27

28}, Nils Opel²³, Joanna Pawlak¹⁵, Julia-Katharina Pfarr^{13

14}, James B Potash¹⁶, Daniela Reich-Erkelenz⁷, Jonathan Repple²³, Hélène Richard-Lepouriel¹¹, Marcella Rietschel²⁹, Kai G Ringwald^{13

14}, Guy Rouleau³⁰, Sabrina Schaupp⁷, Fanny Senner^{7

8}, Giovanni Severino³¹, Alessio Squassina³¹, Frederike Stein^{13

14}, Pavla Stopkova^{27

28}, Fabian Streit²⁹, Katharina Thiel²³, Florian Thomas-Odenthal¹³, Gustavo Turecki³², Joanna Twarowska-Hauser¹⁵, Alexandra Winter²³, Peter P Zandi¹⁶, John R Kelsoe³³; Consortium on Lithium Genetics (ConLiGen), PsyCourse; Peter Falkai⁸, Udo Dannlowski²³, Tilo Kircher^{13

14}, Thomas G Schulze^#^{7

16

34}, Sergi Papiol^#^{7

8

35}

Collaborators, Affiliations

Collaborators

Consortium on Lithium Genetics (ConLiGen), PsyCourse:
Bernhard T Baune, Jan Fullerton, Philip B Mitchell, Peter R Schofield, Naomi R Wray, Adam Wright, Susanne A Bengesser, Eva Reininghaus, Claudio E M Banzato, Clarissa Dantas, Martin Alda, Cristiana Cruceanu, Julie Garnham, Paul Grof, Glenda MacQueen, Guy Rouleau, Claire Slaney, Gustavo Turecki, L Trevor Young, Carlos A López Jaramillo, Tomás Novák, Pavla Stopkova, Clara Brichant-Petitjean, Mazda Adli, Sébastien Gard, Bruno Etain, Stéphane Jamain, Jean-Pierre Kahn, Marion Leboyer, Mazda Adli, Michael Bauer, Sven Cichon, Franziska Degenhardt, Peter Falkai, Oliver Gruber, Urs Heilbronner, Per Hoffmann, Sarah Kittel-Schneider, Markus Nöthen, Andrea Pfennig, Daniela Reich-Erkelenz, Andreas Reif, Marcella Rietschel, Thomas G Schulze, Florian Seemüller, Thomas Stamm, Raffaella Ardau, Caterina Chillotti, Maria Del Zompo, Mario Maj, Mirko Manchia, Palmiero Monteleone, Giovanni Severino, Alessio Squassina, Alfonso Tortorella, Kazufumi Akiyama, Kazufumi Akiyama, Ryota Hashimoto, Tadafumi Kato, Ichiro Kusumi, Takuya Masui Takuya Masui, Norio Ozaki, Piotr Czerski, Joanna Hauser, Sebastian Kliwicki, Janusz K Rybakowski, Maria Grigoroiu-Serbanescu, Alexandru Obregia, Bárbara Arias, Antonio Benabarre, Francesc Colom, Esther Jiménez, Marina Mitjans, Eduard Vieta, Lena Backlund, Lena Backlund, Louise Frisén, Catharina Lavebratt, Lina Martinsson, Urban Ösby, Martin Schalling, Jean-Michel Aubry, Sven Cichon, Alexandre Dayer, Per Hoffmann, Audrey Nallet, Hsi-Chung Chen, David Cousins, Nirmala Akula, Joanna M Biernacka, Joanna M Biernacka, Elise T Bui, J Ray DePaulo, Sevilla D Detera-Wadleigh, Mark A Frye, Fernando S Goes, Rebecca Hoban, Liping Hou, Layla Kassem, John R Kelsoe, John R Kelsoe, Gonzalo Laje, Gonzalo Laje, Susan G Leckband, Michael J McCarthy, Francis J McMahon, Roy H Perlis, James B Potash, Thomas G Schulze, Barbara Schweizer, Lisa R Seymour, Jordan W Smoller, Jo Steele, Sarah Tighe, Peter P Zandi, Eva Reininghaus, Claudio E M Banzato, Clarissa Dantas, Martin Alda, Cristiana Cruceanu, Julie Garnham, Paul Grof, Glenda MacQueen, Guy Rouleau, Claire Slaney, Gustavo Turecki, L Trevor Young, Carlos A López Jaramillo, Tomás Novák, Pavla Stopkova, Clara Brichant-Petitjean, Bruno Etain, Mazda Adli, Sébastien Gard, Stéphane Jamain, Jean-Pierre Kahn, Marion Leboyer, Mazda Adli, Michael Bauer, Sven Cichon, Franziska Degenhardt, Peter Falkai, Oliver Gruber, Urs Heilbronner, Per Hoffmann, Sarah Kittel-Schneider, Markus Nöthen, Andrea Pfennig, Daniela Reich-Erkelenz, Andreas Reif, Marcella Rietschel, Thomas G Schulze, Florian Seemüller, Thomas Stamm, Raffaella Ardau, Caterina Chillotti, Maria Del Zompo, Maria Del Zompo, Mario Maj, Mirko Manchia, Palmiero Monteleone, Giovanni Severino, Alessio Squassina, Alfonso Tortorella, Kazufumi Akiyama, Ryota Hashimoto, Ichiro Kusumi, Takuya Masui, Norio Ozaki, Piotr Czerski, Joanna Hauser, Sebastian Kliwicki, Janusz K Rybakowski, Maria Grigoroiu-Serbanescu, Alexandru Obregia, Bárbara Arias, Antonio Benabarre, Francesc Colom, Esther Jiménez, Marina Mitjans, Eduard Vieta, Lena Backlund, Louise Frisén, Catharina Lavebratt, Lina Martinsson, Urban Ösby, Martin Schalling, Jean-Michel Aubry, Sven Cichon, Alexandre Dayer, Per Hoffmann, Audrey Nallet, Hsi-Chung Chen, David Cousins, Nirmala Akula, Joanna M Biernacka, Elise T Bui, J Ray DePaulo, Sevilla D Detera-Wadleigh, Mark A Frye, Fernando S Goes, Rebecca Hoban, Liping Hou, Layla Kassem, John R Kelsoe, Gonzalo Laje, Susan G Leckband, Michael J McCarthy, Francis J McMahon, Roy H Perlis, James B Potash, Thomas G Schulze, Barbara Schweizer, Lisa R Seymour, Jordan W Smoller, Jo Steele, Sarah Tighe, Peter P Zandi

Affiliations

¹ Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstr. 7, 80336, Munich, Germany. janos.kalman@med.uni-muenchen.de.
² Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany. janos.kalman@med.uni-muenchen.de.
³ International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry, Munich, Germany. janos.kalman@med.uni-muenchen.de.
⁴ National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
⁵ Department of Neurology, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
⁶ Global Computational Biology and Data Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397, Biberach an der Riß, Germany.
⁷ Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstr. 7, 80336, Munich, Germany.
⁸ Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany.
⁹ Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.
¹⁰ Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Agency of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
¹¹ Department of Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
¹² Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
¹³ Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
¹⁴ Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
¹⁵ Department of Psychiatric Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
¹⁶ Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
¹⁷ Centre for Human Genetics, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
¹⁸ Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine &, University of Bonn, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
¹⁹ Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
²⁰ Psychiatric Genetics Research Unit, Alexandru Obregia Clinical Psychiatric Hospital, Bucharest, Romania.
²¹ Mood Disorders Clinic of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
²² Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
²³ Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Munster, Munster, Germany.
²⁴ Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
²⁵ Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
²⁶ Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Münster, Munster, Germany.
²⁷ National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.
²⁸ 3Rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
²⁹ Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
³⁰ Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
³¹ Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
³² The Douglas Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
³³ Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
³⁴ Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
³⁵ Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain.

^# Contributed equally.

PMID: 35146571
PMCID: PMC9653330
DOI: 10.1007/s00406-021-01366-5

Investigating the phenotypic and genetic associations between personality traits and suicidal behavior across major mental health diagnoses

Janos L Kalman et al. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2022 Dec.

. 2022 Dec;272(8):1611-1620.

doi: 10.1007/s00406-021-01366-5. Epub 2022 Feb 10.

Authors

Collaborators

Consortium on Lithium Genetics (ConLiGen), PsyCourse:
Bernhard T Baune, Jan Fullerton, Philip B Mitchell, Peter R Schofield, Naomi R Wray, Adam Wright, Susanne A Bengesser, Eva Reininghaus, Claudio E M Banzato, Clarissa Dantas, Martin Alda, Cristiana Cruceanu, Julie Garnham, Paul Grof, Glenda MacQueen, Guy Rouleau, Claire Slaney, Gustavo Turecki, L Trevor Young, Carlos A López Jaramillo, Tomás Novák, Pavla Stopkova, Clara Brichant-Petitjean, Mazda Adli, Sébastien Gard, Bruno Etain, Stéphane Jamain, Jean-Pierre Kahn, Marion Leboyer, Mazda Adli, Michael Bauer, Sven Cichon, Franziska Degenhardt, Peter Falkai, Oliver Gruber, Urs Heilbronner, Per Hoffmann, Sarah Kittel-Schneider, Markus Nöthen, Andrea Pfennig, Daniela Reich-Erkelenz, Andreas Reif, Marcella Rietschel, Thomas G Schulze, Florian Seemüller, Thomas Stamm, Raffaella Ardau, Caterina Chillotti, Maria Del Zompo, Mario Maj, Mirko Manchia, Palmiero Monteleone, Giovanni Severino, Alessio Squassina, Alfonso Tortorella, Kazufumi Akiyama, Kazufumi Akiyama, Ryota Hashimoto, Tadafumi Kato, Ichiro Kusumi, Takuya Masui Takuya Masui, Norio Ozaki, Piotr Czerski, Joanna Hauser, Sebastian Kliwicki, Janusz K Rybakowski, Maria Grigoroiu-Serbanescu, Alexandru Obregia, Bárbara Arias, Antonio Benabarre, Francesc Colom, Esther Jiménez, Marina Mitjans, Eduard Vieta, Lena Backlund, Lena Backlund, Louise Frisén, Catharina Lavebratt, Lina Martinsson, Urban Ösby, Martin Schalling, Jean-Michel Aubry, Sven Cichon, Alexandre Dayer, Per Hoffmann, Audrey Nallet, Hsi-Chung Chen, David Cousins, Nirmala Akula, Joanna M Biernacka, Joanna M Biernacka, Elise T Bui, J Ray DePaulo, Sevilla D Detera-Wadleigh, Mark A Frye, Fernando S Goes, Rebecca Hoban, Liping Hou, Layla Kassem, John R Kelsoe, John R Kelsoe, Gonzalo Laje, Gonzalo Laje, Susan G Leckband, Michael J McCarthy, Francis J McMahon, Roy H Perlis, James B Potash, Thomas G Schulze, Barbara Schweizer, Lisa R Seymour, Jordan W Smoller, Jo Steele, Sarah Tighe, Peter P Zandi, Eva Reininghaus, Claudio E M Banzato, Clarissa Dantas, Martin Alda, Cristiana Cruceanu, Julie Garnham, Paul Grof, Glenda MacQueen, Guy Rouleau, Claire Slaney, Gustavo Turecki, L Trevor Young, Carlos A López Jaramillo, Tomás Novák, Pavla Stopkova, Clara Brichant-Petitjean, Bruno Etain, Mazda Adli, Sébastien Gard, Stéphane Jamain, Jean-Pierre Kahn, Marion Leboyer, Mazda Adli, Michael Bauer, Sven Cichon, Franziska Degenhardt, Peter Falkai, Oliver Gruber, Urs Heilbronner, Per Hoffmann, Sarah Kittel-Schneider, Markus Nöthen, Andrea Pfennig, Daniela Reich-Erkelenz, Andreas Reif, Marcella Rietschel, Thomas G Schulze, Florian Seemüller, Thomas Stamm, Raffaella Ardau, Caterina Chillotti, Maria Del Zompo, Maria Del Zompo, Mario Maj, Mirko Manchia, Palmiero Monteleone, Giovanni Severino, Alessio Squassina, Alfonso Tortorella, Kazufumi Akiyama, Ryota Hashimoto, Ichiro Kusumi, Takuya Masui, Norio Ozaki, Piotr Czerski, Joanna Hauser, Sebastian Kliwicki, Janusz K Rybakowski, Maria Grigoroiu-Serbanescu, Alexandru Obregia, Bárbara Arias, Antonio Benabarre, Francesc Colom, Esther Jiménez, Marina Mitjans, Eduard Vieta, Lena Backlund, Louise Frisén, Catharina Lavebratt, Lina Martinsson, Urban Ösby, Martin Schalling, Jean-Michel Aubry, Sven Cichon, Alexandre Dayer, Per Hoffmann, Audrey Nallet, Hsi-Chung Chen, David Cousins, Nirmala Akula, Joanna M Biernacka, Elise T Bui, J Ray DePaulo, Sevilla D Detera-Wadleigh, Mark A Frye, Fernando S Goes, Rebecca Hoban, Liping Hou, Layla Kassem, John R Kelsoe, Gonzalo Laje, Susan G Leckband, Michael J McCarthy, Francis J McMahon, Roy H Perlis, James B Potash, Thomas G Schulze, Barbara Schweizer, Lisa R Seymour, Jordan W Smoller, Jo Steele, Sarah Tighe, Peter P Zandi

Affiliations

¹ Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstr. 7, 80336, Munich, Germany. janos.kalman@med.uni-muenchen.de.
² Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany. janos.kalman@med.uni-muenchen.de.
³ International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry, Munich, Germany. janos.kalman@med.uni-muenchen.de.
⁴ National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
⁵ Department of Neurology, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
⁶ Global Computational Biology and Data Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397, Biberach an der Riß, Germany.
⁷ Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstr. 7, 80336, Munich, Germany.
⁸ Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany.
⁹ Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.
¹⁰ Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Agency of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
¹¹ Department of Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
¹² Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
¹³ Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
¹⁴ Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
¹⁵ Department of Psychiatric Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
¹⁶ Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
¹⁷ Centre for Human Genetics, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
¹⁸ Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine &, University of Bonn, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
¹⁹ Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
²⁰ Psychiatric Genetics Research Unit, Alexandru Obregia Clinical Psychiatric Hospital, Bucharest, Romania.
²¹ Mood Disorders Clinic of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
²² Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
²³ Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Munster, Munster, Germany.
²⁴ Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
²⁵ Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
²⁶ Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Münster, Munster, Germany.
²⁷ National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.
²⁸ 3Rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
²⁹ Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
³⁰ Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
³¹ Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
³² The Douglas Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
³³ Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
³⁴ Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
³⁵ Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain.

^# Contributed equally.

PMID: 35146571
PMCID: PMC9653330
DOI: 10.1007/s00406-021-01366-5

Abstract

Personality traits influence risk for suicidal behavior. We examined phenotype- and genotype-level associations between the Big Five personality traits and suicidal ideation and attempt in major depressive, bipolar and schizoaffective disorder, and schizophrenia patients (N = 3012) using fixed- and random-effects inverse variance-weighted meta-analyses. Suicidal ideations were more likely to be reported by patients with higher neuroticism and lower extraversion phenotypic scores, but showed no significant association with polygenic load for these personality traits. Our findings provide new insights into the association between personality and suicidal behavior across mental illnesses and suggest that the genetic component of personality traits is unlikely to have strong causal effects on suicidal behavior.

Keywords: Bipolar disorder; Major depression; Personality; Polygenic score; Schizophrenia; Suicidal behavior.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Dr. Kato reports grants and personal fees from Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), grants and personal fees from Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)/Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), personal fees from Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., personal fees from Eli Lilly Japan K.K., grants and personal fees from Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., personal fees from GlaxoSmithKline K.K., personal fees from Taisho Pharma Co., Ltd., grants and personal fees from Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., personal fees from Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd., personal fees from Pfizer Japan Inc., personal fees from Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., grants and personal fees from Shionogi & Co., Ltd., personal fees from Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K., personal fees from Janssen Asia Pacific, personal fees from Yoshitomiyakuhin, personal fees from Astellas Pharma Inc., personal fees from Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim Co. Ltd., personal fees from MSD K.K., personal fees from Kyowa Pharmaceutical Industry Co., Ltd., grants and personal fees from Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., personal fees from Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., personal fees from Taisho Toyama Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., grants and personal fees from Eisai Co., Ltd., grants and personal fees from Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, grants from Teijin Pharma, outside the submitted work. The other authors have no conflicts of interest to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.

Figures

**Fig. 1**
Results of secondary phenotype-level analyses. For extraversion and neuroticism, which were significantly associated with suicidal ideation in the primary analyses, we conducted secondary analyses to investigate potential differences across the diagnostic spectrum. Results of the individual regression models can be found in Supplementary Table S7. Inverse variance-weighted meta-analysis p values that were significant after Bonferroni correction (α < 3.57 × 10^–3) are indicated with an asterisk. Meta fixed, inverse variance-weighted fixed-effects meta-analysis; meta random, inverse variance-weighted random-effects meta-analysis; 95% CI, 95% confidence intervals (the 95% CIs were constrained to a minimum of 0 and a maximum of 1); OR, odds ratio (a higher OR indicates an association with suicidal ideation

See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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Investigating the phenotypic and genetic associations between personality traits and suicidal behavior across major mental health diagnoses

Collaborators

Affiliations

Investigating the phenotypic and genetic associations between personality traits and suicidal behavior across major mental health diagnoses

Authors

Collaborators

Affiliations

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

Figures

References

MeSH terms

Grants and funding

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources

Medical