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. 2022 Jan 28:12:785971.
doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.785971. eCollection 2021.

Specific Rhizobacteria Responsible in the Rhizosheath System of Kengyilia hirsuta

Youjun Chen  1   2 , Chen Chen  1   2 , Qingping Zhou  1   2 , Jian Hu  1   2 , Yingxia Lei  2 , Wenhui Liu  3
Affiliations

Specific Rhizobacteria Responsible in the Rhizosheath System of Kengyilia hirsuta

Youjun Chen et al. Front Plant Sci. .

Abstract

The rhizosheath is a critical interface supporting the exchange of resources between plants and their associated environment of soil. Favorable microenvironment of rhizosphere soil provides the rhizosheath formed and then promotes desert plant survival. However, it remains unclear how rhizosheath benefits the colonization of pioneer plants in alpine desert under changing environment. In this study, we investigated the effect of different soil moisture and sterilization treatments (three moisture levels and unsterilized or sterilized soil) on rhizosheath forming process of Kengyilia hirsuta (K. hirsuta), a sand-inhabiting and drought-resistant pioneer plant of the Tibetan Plateau desert. The results showed that in both unsterilized and sterilized soil, increasing soil moisture first increased and then decreased rhizosheath weight, with the highest value is 25%. During rhizosheath formation, developing rhizosheaths were selectively enriched in the bacterial genera Massilia and Arthrobacter. These suggest the existence of a highly specialized signal recognition system during rhizosheath formation that involves the accumulation of bacteria. These bacterial species exhibited different roles in the process of rhizosheath formation and is an advantageous strategy for K. hirsuta.

Keywords: Kengyilia hirsuta; aggregation; formation; rhizobacteria; rhizosheath.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
The differences in rhizosheath weight due to different soil and moisture treatment. Different lowercase letters in the figure indicate significant differences (p < 0.05).
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) comparison of bacterial communities in the different treatment groups. The group W represents unsterilized treatment sample in graph and the group M represents sterilized treatment sample in graph.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Relative abundance of bacterial phyla under different soil sterilization treatments (A). Relative abundance of bacterial classes under different soil sterilization treatments (B).
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
Heatmap of relative abundances of the top 30 genera from the different treatment.
FIGURE 5
FIGURE 5
Asymmetrical distribution of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in the unsterilization soils and sterilization soils. Cumulative histogram of the top 30 bacterial OTUs isolated from Kengyilia hirsuta rhizosheaths in unsterilized soil (A). Cumulative histogram of the top 30 bacterial OTUs isolated from Kengyilia hirsuta rhizosheaths in sterilized soil (B). Number of OTUs present under different soil sterilization treatment conditions (C). The relative abundance of each OTU, depicted in red (from sterilized soil) or blue (from sterilized soil), is expressed as the log2(x + 1)-transformed number of sequencing reads from a given isolation source.
FIGURE 6
FIGURE 6
Root-weight-promoting effects of bacterial strains isolated from K. hirsuta rhizosheaths (A). Rhizosheath weight-promoting effects of bacterial strains isolated from K. hirsuta rhizosheaths (B). The black column represent no infection (CK), the red column represent with OTU10 infected, the yellow column represent with OTU6 infected, the brown column represent with OTU16 infected, the blue column represent with commixture infected (OTU10, OTU6, and OTU16).
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