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Review
. 2022 Jan 31:17:e02.
doi: 10.15420/ecr.2021.25. eCollection 2022 Feb.

Valvular Heart Disease in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

Konstantina Kipourou  1 , Jamie M O'Driscoll  1   2 , Rajan Sharma  1   2
Affiliations
Review

Valvular Heart Disease in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

Konstantina Kipourou et al. Eur Cardiol. .

Abstract

Valvular heart disease (VHD) is highly prevalent in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) from the early stages to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Aortic and mitral valves are the most frequently affected, leading to aortic valve and/or mitral annular calcification, which, in turn, causes either valve stenosis or regurgitation at an accelerated rate compared with the general population. Tricuspid regurgitation is also prevalent in CKD and ESRD, and haemodialysis patients are at an increasingly high risk of infective endocarditis. As for pathophysiology, several mechanisms causing VHD in CKD have been proposed, highlighting the complexity of the process. Echocardiography constitutes the gold standard for the assessment of VHD in CKD/ESRD patients, despite the progress of other imaging modalities. With regard to treatment, the existing 2017 European Society of Cardiology/European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery guidelines on the management of VHD addressing patients with normal kidney function are also applied to patients with CKD/ESRD.

Keywords: Cardiorenal syndrome; chronic kidney disease; end-stage renal disease; valvular heart disease.

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Conflict of interest statement

Disclosure: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

Figures

Figure 1:
Figure 1:. Transthoracic Echocardiogram Illustrating Caseous Calcification of the Mitral Annulus in a Dialysis Patient
Figure 2:
Figure 2:. Transthoracic Echocardiogram Illustrating a Heavily Calcified and Stenotic Tricuspid Aortic Valve
Figure 3:
Figure 3:. Pathophysiological Pathway Leading to the Development of Valve Calcification in Chronic Kidney Disease
Figure 4:
Figure 4:. Cardiac Imaging Demonstrating Valve Calcification
Figure 5:
Figure 5:. Vegetation Attached to the Mitral Valve of a Patient With Chronic Kidney Disease
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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