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Review
. 2022 Jan 27:10:816613.
doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.816613. eCollection 2022.

Phase Behaviour, Functionality, and Physicochemical Characteristics of Glycolipid Surfactants of Microbial Origin

Karina Sałek  1 , Stephen R Euston  2 , Tomasz Janek  3
Affiliations
Review

Phase Behaviour, Functionality, and Physicochemical Characteristics of Glycolipid Surfactants of Microbial Origin

Karina Sałek et al. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. .

Abstract

Growing demand for biosurfactants as environmentally friendly counterparts of chemically derived surfactants enhances the extensive search for surface-active compounds of biological (microbial) origin. The understanding of the physicochemical properties of biosurfactants such as surface tension reduction, dispersion, emulsifying, foaming or micelle formation is essential for the successful application of biosurfactants in many branches of industry. Glycolipids, which belong to the class of low molecular weight surfactants are currently gaining a lot of interest for industrial applications. For this reason, we focus mainly on this class of biosurfactants with particular emphasis on rhamnolipids and sophorolipids, the most studied of the glycolipids.

Keywords: biosurfactants; global use of surfactants; glycolipids; lipopeptides; rhamnolipids; sophorolipids.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Structure of di-acetylated lactonic and acidic sophorolipids (Hardin et al., 2007; Jezierska et al., 2018).
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Structure of mannosylerythritol lipids (n = 6–10) (Konishi et al., 2007a; Yu et al., 2015). MEL-A–R1 = CH3CO, R 2 = CH3CO. MEL-B–R1 = CH3CO, R 2 = H. MEL-C–R1 = H, R 2 = CH3CO MEL-D–R1 = H, R 2 = H.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Chemical structure of trehalolipid from Rhodococcus sp. (Ortiz et al., 2008).
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
General structure of PEFA (Garay et al., 2018). Where: R = OH or acetyl n = 8, 10, 12, 14, 16.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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