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Review
. 2022 Jan 19;11(3):320.
doi: 10.3390/cells11030320.

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Progress, Challenges, and Prospects

Shengjie Tang  1 , Chao Qin  1   2 , Haiyang Hu  1   2 , Tao Liu  1   2 , Yiwei He  1 , Haiyang Guo  1   3 , Hang Yan  1   2 , Jun Zhang  1   2 , Shoujun Tang  1 , Haining Zhou  1   2   3
Affiliations
Review

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Progress, Challenges, and Prospects

Shengjie Tang et al. Cells. .

Abstract

Non-small cell lung cancer is one of the most common types of malignances worldwide and the main cause of cancer-related deaths. Current treatment for NSCLC is based on surgical resection, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted therapy, with poor therapeutic effectiveness. In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitors have applied in NSCLC treatment. A large number of experimental studies have shown that immune checkpoint inhibitors are safer and more effective than traditional therapeutic modalities and have allowed for the development of better guidance in the clinical treatment of advanced NSCLC patients. In this review, we describe clinical trials using ICI immunotherapies for NSCLC treatment, the available data on clinical efficacy, and the emerging evidence regarding biomarkers.

Keywords: CTLA-4; PD-1/PD-L1; biomarkers; immune checkpoint inhibitors; immunotherapy; non-small cell lung cancer.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Pathological classification of lung cancer and its corresponding prevalence.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Tumor immune mechanism. T cells express PD-1 and CTLA-4 on their surface. Interaction with its ligands, PD-L1 and CD80/CD86, respectively, results in negative regulation of T cells. Therefore, anti-PD-1/PD-L1 and anti-CTLA-4 pathway antibodies would induce an upregulation of T cell activity.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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