Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2022 Feb 8;11(3):588.
doi: 10.3390/cells11030588.

Biomarker Development in Cardiology: Reviewing the Past to Inform the Future

Katharine A Kott  1   2   3 , Michael Bishop  4 , Christina H J Yang  3 , Toby M Plasto  3 , Daniel C Cheng  3 , Adam I Kaplan  3 , Louise Cullen  5 , David S Celermajer  3   6   7 , Peter J Meikle  8 , Stephen T Vernon  1   2   3 , Gemma A Figtree  1   2   3
Affiliations
Review

Biomarker Development in Cardiology: Reviewing the Past to Inform the Future

Katharine A Kott et al. Cells. .

Abstract

Cardiac biomarkers have become pivotal to the clinical practice of cardiology, but there remains much to discover that could benefit cardiology patients. We review the discovery of key protein biomarkers in the fields of acute coronary syndrome, heart failure, and atherosclerosis, giving an overview of the populations they were studied in and the statistics that were used to validate them. We review statistical approaches that are currently in use to assess new biomarkers and overview a framework for biomarker discovery and evaluation that could be incorporated into clinical trials to evaluate cardiovascular outcomes in the future.

Keywords: acute coronary syndrome; atherosclerosis; biomarker development; cardiology; heart failure; statistical development.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

G.F. reports personal consulting fees from CSL and grants from Abbott Diagnostic outside the submitted work. In addition, G.F. has a patent in biomarkers and oxidative stress awarded May 2017 in USA (US9638699B2), which was issued to the Northern Sydney Local Health District. L.C. reports consulting fees from Abbott Diagnostics, Siemens Healthineers, Glycardia, and Beckman Coulter, as well as institutional research grants from Abbott Diagnostics, Siemens, and Beckman Coulter outside the submitted work. The other authors have no disclosures.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Framework for biomarker discovery, evaluation, and incorporation into clinical trials. Abbreviations: H-L = Hosmer–Lemeshow; NRI = net reclassification index; IDI = integrated discrimination improvement.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Timeline of biomarker development in cardiology. Abbreviations: AST = aspartate aminotransferase; ACS = acute coronary syndromes; LDH = lactate dehydrogenase; CK = creatine kinase; CK-MB = myocardial creatine kinase isoenzyme; h-FABP = heart-type fatty acid binding protein; TnI = troponin I; TnT = troponin T; BNP = brain natriuretic peptide; hsCRP = high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; sLOX-1 = soluble lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1; sST2 = soluble suppression of tumorigenesis-2.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Lloyd-Jones D.M., Liu K., Tian L., Greenland P. Narrative Review: Assessment of C-Reactive Protein in Risk Prediction for Cardiovascular Disease. Ann. Intern. Med. 2006;145:35–42. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-145-1-200607040-00129. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Ahmad T., Fiuzat M., Pencina M.J., Geller N.L., Zannad F., Cleland J.G., Snider J.V., Blankenberg S., Adams K.F., Redberg R.F., et al. Charting a roadmap for heart failure biomarker studies. JACC Heart Fail. 2014;2:477–488. doi: 10.1016/j.jchf.2014.02.005. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Pletcher M.J., Pignone M. Evaluating the Clinical Utility of a Biomarker. Circulation. 2011;123:1116–1124. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.943860. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Grund B., Sabin C. Analysis of biomarker data: Logs, odds ratios, and receiver operating characteristic curves. Curr. Opin. HIV AIDS. 2010;5:473–479. doi: 10.1097/COH.0b013e32833ed742. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Hanley J.A., McNeil B.J. The meaning and use of the area under a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Radiology. 1982;143:29–36. doi: 10.1148/radiology.143.1.7063747. - DOI - PubMed

Publication types