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. 2022 Jan 30;11(3):405.
doi: 10.3390/foods11030405.

Sustainable Drying and Green Deep Eutectic Extraction of Carotenoids from Tomato Pomace

Celeste Lazzarini  1 , Enrico Casadei  1 , Enrico Valli  1   2 , Matilde Tura  3 , Luigi Ragni  1   2 , Alessandra Bendini  1   2 , Tullia Gallina Toschi  2   3
Affiliations

Sustainable Drying and Green Deep Eutectic Extraction of Carotenoids from Tomato Pomace

Celeste Lazzarini et al. Foods. .

Abstract

The extraction of molecules with high added value plays an important role in the recovery of food waste. This work aimed to valorize tomato pomace, a by-product composed of skin and seeds, through extraction of carotenoids, especially lycopene and β-carotene. The tomato pomace was dried using three different methods (freeze-drying, heat drying, and non-thermal air-drying) to reduce its weight, volume, and water activity and to concentrate the carotenoid fraction. These drying approaches were compared considering the extractive potential. Three solvent mixtures were compared, a traditional one (n-hexane:acetone) and two green deep eutectic solvent mixtures (ethyl acetate:ethyl lactate and menthol:lactic acid) in combination with different drying procedures. The extract obtained using ethyl acetate:ethyl lactate with non-thermal air-drying showed the highest contents of lycopene and β-carotene (75.86 and 3950.08 µg/g of dried sample, respectively) compared with the other procedures.

Keywords: deep eutectic solvents; extraction; food by-products; lycopene; non-thermal drying; sustainability; tomato pomace; β-carotene.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
PCA biplot built with the results of the color analysis and the lycopene and β-carotene content for all the samples under consideration.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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