Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2022 Jan 19;11(3):504.
doi: 10.3390/jcm11030504.

Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia-Past, Present, and Future

Dirk Reinhardt  1 , Evangelia Antoniou  1 , Katharina Waack  1
Affiliations
Review

Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia-Past, Present, and Future

Dirk Reinhardt et al. J Clin Med. .

Abstract

This review reports about the main steps of development in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) concerning diagnostics, treatment, risk groups, and outcomes. Finally, a short overview of present and future approaches is given.

Keywords: acute myeloid leukemia; children; prognosis; treatment.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Improvement of outcome in pediatric AML. Continuous increase of survival in first remission (red), following initial non-response (green), and after relapse (blue). In parallel, the treatment-related mortality (black, non-relapse deaths) and non-remission deaths (grey) decreased significantly. This supported the hypothesis that the improved overall survival is based on better treatment and improved supportive care.
Figure 2
Figure 2
EFS of risk groups in Study AML-BFM 2004 [58] and AML-BFM registry 2012 [8].
Figure 3
Figure 3
Increase of overall survival of children with AML and HSCT in CR1 (any donor/conditioning) since 1981; 10 year-periods (AML-BFM trials).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Bonaventure A., Harewood R., Stiller C.A., Gatta G., Clavel J., Stefan D.C., Carreira H., Spika D., Marcos-Gragera R., Peris-Bonet R., et al. Worldwide comparison of survival from childhood leukaemia for 1995–2009, by subtype, age, and sex (CONCORD-2): A population-based study of individual data for 89,828 children from 198 registries in 53 countries. Lancet Haematol. 2017;4:e202–e217. doi: 10.1016/S2352-3026(17)30052-2. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Elgarten C.W., Aplenc R. Pediatric acute myeloid leukemia: Updates on biology, risk stratification, and therapy. Curr. Opin. Pediatr. 2020;32:57–66. doi: 10.1097/MOP.0000000000000855. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Plana A., Furner B., Palese M., Dussault N., Birz S., Graglia L., Kush M., Nicholson J., Hecker-Nolting S., Gaspar N., et al. Pediatric Cancer Data Commons: Federating and Democratizing Data for Childhood Cancer Research. JCO Clin. Cancer Inform. 2021;5:1034–1043. doi: 10.1200/CCI.21.00075. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Zwaan C.M., Kolb E.A., Reinhardt D., Abrahamsson J., Adachi S., Aplenc R., de Bont E.S.J.M., de Moerloose B., Dworzak M., Gibson B.E.S., et al. Collaborative Efforts Driving Progress in Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia. J. Clin. Oncol. 2015;33:2949–2962. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2015.62.8289. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Creutzig U., van den Heuvel-Eibrink M.M., Gibson B., Dworzak M.N., Adachi S., de Bont E., Harbott J., Hasle H., Johnston D., Kinoshita A., et al. Diagnosis and management of acute myeloid leukemia in children and adolescents: Recommendations from an international expert panel. Blood. 2012;120:3187–3205. doi: 10.1182/blood-2012-03-362608. - DOI - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources