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. 2022 Feb 1;11(3):798.
doi: 10.3390/jcm11030798.

RETRACTED: Application of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation over the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Alzheimer's Disease: A Pilot Study

Tomoo Mano  1   2
Affiliations

RETRACTED: Application of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation over the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Alzheimer's Disease: A Pilot Study

Tomoo Mano. J Clin Med. .

Retraction in

Abstract

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is reportedly a potential tool to understand the neural network; however, the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying cognitive function change remain unclear. This study aimed to explore the cognitive function changes by rTMS over the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We evaluated the feasibility of rTMS application for mild cognitive dysfunction in patients with AD in an open-label trial (UMIN000027013). An rTMS session involved 15 trains at 120% resting motor threshold on each side (40 pulses/train at 10 Hz). Efficacy outcome measures were changes from baseline in cognitive function, assessed based on the AD Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale, Mini-Mental State Examination, Japanese version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-J), Behavioral and Psychological Symptom of Dementia, and Instrumental Activity of Daily Living scores. Sixteen patients with AD underwent five daily sessions of high-frequency rTMS over the bilateral DLPFC for 2 weeks. All participants completed the study; no major adverse effects were recorded. The MoCA-J score increased by 1.4 points (±0.15%) following 2 weeks of stimulation. At 1 month following rTMS cessation, all cognitive functional scores returned to the original state. Our findings suggest that the DLPFC plays an important role in the neural network in AD.

Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS); repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS).

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Conflict of interest statement

The author reports no conflict of interest concerning the materials or methods used in this study or the findings specified in this paper. The Department of Neuromodulation and Neurosurgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, is a joint research chair established with sponsorship by Teijin Pharma Limited (Tokyo, Japan).

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Changes in cognitive functional parameters in 16 participants with Alzheimer’s disease over 8 weeks. Individual changes in the outcome measures during the study are shown. The durations of the high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (HF-rTMS) are indicated by red arrows. Weeks (W) from exercise initiation. Changes in cognitive function correlated with the sessions of HF-rTMS (a–c).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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