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. 2022 Jan 21;19(3):1177.
doi: 10.3390/ijerph19031177.

Electromyographic Analysis of Paraspinal Muscles of Scoliosis Patients Using Machine Learning Approaches

Ruixin Liang  1 , Joanne Yip  1   2 , Yunli Fan  3   4   5 , Jason P Y Cheung  3   4 , Kai-Tsun Michael To  3   4
Affiliations

Electromyographic Analysis of Paraspinal Muscles of Scoliosis Patients Using Machine Learning Approaches

Ruixin Liang et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health. .

Abstract

A large number of studies have used electromyography (EMG) to measure the paraspinal muscle activity of adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis. However, investigations on the features of these muscles are very limited even though the information is useful for evaluating the effectiveness of various types of interventions, such as scoliosis-specific exercises. The aim of this cross-sectional study is to investigate the characteristics of participants with imbalanced muscle activity and the relationships among 13 features (physical features and EMG signal value). A total of 106 participants (69% with scoliosis; 78% female; 9-30 years old) are involved in this study. Their basic profile information is obtained, and the surface EMG signals of the upper trapezius, latissimus dorsi, and erector spinae (thoracic and erector spinae) lumbar muscles are tested in the static (sitting) and dynamic (prone extension position) conditions. Then, two machine learning approaches and an importance analysis are used. About 30% of the participants in this study find that balancing their paraspinal muscle activity during sitting is challenging. The most interesting finding is that the dynamic asymmetry of the erector spinae (lumbar) group of muscles is an important (third in importance) predictor of scoliosis aside from the angle of trunk rotation and height of the subject.

Keywords: asymmetry; importance analysis; muscle activity; random forest; support vector machines.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
An X-ray image of the Cobb angle.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Electrode placement. Upper trapezius (TRAP) (a), latissimus dorsi (b), erector spinae—thoracic (c), and erector spi-nae—lumbar (d).
Figure 3
Figure 3
EMG test while sitting (static condition).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Dynamic pose.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Flow chart of the classification algorithm.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Participants with significantly asymmetric paraspinal muscles.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Participants with significant differences between left and right muscles based on group.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Importance of each feature based on random forests.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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