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. 2022 Jan 21;19(3):1183.
doi: 10.3390/ijerph19031183.

Accumulation Mechanism and Risk Assessment of Artemisia selengensis Seedling In Vitro with the Hydroponic Culture under Cadmium Pressure

Tao Tang  1   2 , Wei Kang  2   3 , Mi Shen  2 , Lin Chen  1   2 , Xude Zhao  2 , Yongkui Wang  2 , Shunwen Xu  4 , Anhuai Ming  4 , Tao Feng  1 , Haiyan Deng  2 , Shuqi Zheng  2
Affiliations

Accumulation Mechanism and Risk Assessment of Artemisia selengensis Seedling In Vitro with the Hydroponic Culture under Cadmium Pressure

Tao Tang et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health. .

Abstract

Artemisia selengensis is a perennial herb of the Compositae with therapeutic and economic value in China. The cadmium (Cd) accumulation mechanism and healthy risk evaluation of A. selengensis were investigated in this study. Tissue culture seedlings were obtained by plant tissue culture in vitro, and the effect of Cd stress (Cd concentration of 0.5, 1, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 μM) on A. selengensis was studied under hydroponic conditions. The results showed that low-Cd (0.5-1 μM) stress caused a rare effect on the growth of A. selengensis seedlings, which regularly grew below the 10 μM Cd treatment concentration. The biomass growth rate of the 0.5, 1, and 5 μM treatment groups reached 105.8%, 96.6%, and 84.8% after 40 days of cultivation, respectively. In addition, when the concentration of Cd was greater than 10 μM, the plant growth was obviously inhibited, i.e., chlorosis of leaves, blackening roots, destroyed cell ultrastructure, and increased malondialdehyde (MDA) content. The root could be the main location of metal uptake, 57.8-70.8% of the Cd was concentrated in the root after 40 days of cultivation. Furthermore, the root cell wall was involved in the fixation of 49-71% Cd by subcellular extraction, and the involvement of the participating functional groups of the cell wall, such as -COOH, -OH, and -NH2, in metal uptake was assessed by FTIR analysis. Target hazard quotient (THQ) was used to assess the health risk of A. selengensis, and it was found that the edible part had no health risk only under low-Cd stress (0.5 to 1 μM) and short-term treatment (less than 20 days).

Keywords: Artemisia selengensis; cadmium; cell wall; health risk; subcellular distribution.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The effect of different concentrations of Cd on the growth rate (FW) and plant height of A. selengensis. (a) growth rate (FW), (b) plant height. The results are means ± SD (n = 3), lower letters mean significant differences (p < 0.05) between different Cd concentrations at the same treatment time.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Changes of MDA content of A. selengensis after treatment with different concentrations of Cd, (a) stem, (b) leaf. The results are means ± SD (n = 3), lower letters mean significant differences (p < 0.05) between different Cd concentrations at the same treatment time.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Fresh weight Cd content of A. selengensis after treatment with different concentrations of Cd, (a) root, (b) stem, (c) leaf. The results are means ± SD (n = 3), lower letters mean significant differences (p < 0.05) between different Cd concentrations at the same treatment time.
Figure 4
Figure 4
(a–c) are the root, stem, and leaf of the CK group, (d–f) are the root, stem, and leaf of the 10 μM treatment group, and (g–i) are the root, stem, and leaf of the 100 μM treatment group. Chl—chloroplast; CP—cytoplasm; V—vacuole; CW—cell wall; M—mitochondria; PM—cytoplasmic membrane; N—nucleus.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Distribution ratio of Cd content of each fraction of subcellular, f1: cell wall fraction, f2: organelle fraction, f3: soluble fraction, under different Cd concentration treatments (a) hydroponic culture for 10 days, (b) hydroponic culture for 20 days, (c) hydroponic culture for 30 days, (d) hydroponic culture for 40 days.
Figure 6
Figure 6
The FTIR spectra of cell wall components of roots after 40 days of cultivation.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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