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Review
. 2022 Jan 27;23(3):1445.
doi: 10.3390/ijms23031445.

Bioactive Peptides: Synthesis, Sources, Applications, and Proposed Mechanisms of Action

Mohsen Akbarian  1 , Ali Khani  2 , Sara Eghbalpour  3 , Vladimir N Uversky  4
Affiliations
Review

Bioactive Peptides: Synthesis, Sources, Applications, and Proposed Mechanisms of Action

Mohsen Akbarian et al. Int J Mol Sci. .

Abstract

Bioactive peptides are a group of biological molecules that are normally buried in the structure of parent proteins and become active after the cleavage of the proteins. Another group of peptides is actively produced and found in many microorganisms and the body of organisms. Today, many groups of bioactive peptides have been marketed chemically or recombinantly. This article reviews the various production methods and sources of these important/ubiquitous and useful biomolecules. Their applications, such as antimicrobial, antihypertensive, antioxidant activities, blood-lipid-lowering effect, opioid role, antiobesity, ability to bind minerals, antidiabetic, and antiaging effects, will be explored. The types of pathways proposed for bioactive applications will be in the next part of the article, and at the end, the future perspectives of bioactive peptides will be reviewed. Reading this article is recommended for researchers interested in various fields of physiology, microbiology, biochemistry, and nanotechnology and food industry professionals.

Keywords: application of peptides; bioactive peptides; mechanism of application; production of peptides.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Different applications of bioactive peptides for humans.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Different pathways for the production of exogenous bioactive peptides.
Figure 3
Figure 3
(A) Types of mechanisms of action of antimicrobial peptides on bacterial cells. (B) How antimicrobial peptides penetrate the cell membrane.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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