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Review
. 2022 Feb 4;23(3):1770.
doi: 10.3390/ijms23031770.

Cellular and Molecular Signatures of Oxidative Stress in Bronchial Epithelial Cell Models Injured by Cigarette Smoke Extract

Chiara Cipollina  1   2 , Andreina Bruno  2   3 , Salvatore Fasola  2   3 , Marta Cristaldi  1 , Bernardo Patella  4 , Rosalinda Inguanta  4 , Antonio Vilasi  5 , Giuseppe Aiello  4 , Stefania La Grutta  2   3 , Claudia Torino  5 , Elisabetta Pace  2   3
Affiliations
Review

Cellular and Molecular Signatures of Oxidative Stress in Bronchial Epithelial Cell Models Injured by Cigarette Smoke Extract

Chiara Cipollina et al. Int J Mol Sci. .

Abstract

Exposure of the airways epithelium to environmental insults, including cigarette smoke, results in increased oxidative stress due to unbalance between oxidants and antioxidants in favor of oxidants. Oxidative stress is a feature of inflammation and promotes the progression of chronic lung diseases, including Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Increased oxidative stress leads to exhaustion of antioxidant defenses, alterations in autophagy/mitophagy and cell survival regulatory mechanisms, thus promoting cell senescence. All these events are amplified by the increase of inflammation driven by oxidative stress. Several models of bronchial epithelial cells are used to study the molecular mechanisms and the cellular functions altered by cigarette smoke extract (CSE) exposure, and to test the efficacy of molecules with antioxidant properties. This review offers a comprehensive synthesis of human in-vitro and ex-vivo studies published from 2011 to 2021 describing the molecular and cellular mechanisms evoked by CSE exposure in bronchial epithelial cells, the most used experimental models and the mechanisms of action of cellular antioxidants systems as well as natural and synthetic antioxidant compounds.

Keywords: bronchial epithelial cells; cigarette smoke; natural and synthetic antioxidants; oxidative stress.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flow diagram of the study selection process.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Real-time electrochemical detection of markers of oxidative stress in a culture plate.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Molecular mechanisms altered by cigarette smoke in bronchial epithelial cells.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Impact of CS on bronchial epithelial cell physiology.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Anti-oxidant mechanisms of bronchial epithelial cells.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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