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. 2022 Jan 19;27(3):651.
doi: 10.3390/molecules27030651.

Production of an Anise- and Woodruff-like Aroma by Monokaryotic Strains of Pleurotus sapidus Grown on Citrus Side Streams

Friederike Bürger  1 , Maximilian Koch  1 , Marco A Fraatz  1   2 , Alejandra B Omarini  3   4 , Ralf G Berger  4 , Holger Zorn  1   2
Affiliations

Production of an Anise- and Woodruff-like Aroma by Monokaryotic Strains of Pleurotus sapidus Grown on Citrus Side Streams

Friederike Bürger et al. Molecules. .

Abstract

The production of natural flavors by means of microorganisms is of great interest for the food and flavor industry, and by-products of the agro-industry are particularly suitable as substrates. In the present study, Citrus side streams were fermented using monokaryotic strains of the fungus Pleurotus sapidus. Some of the cultures exhibited a pleasant smell, reminiscent of woodruff and anise, as well as herbaceous notes. To evaluate the composition of the overall aroma, liquid/liquid extracts of submerged cultures of a selected monokaryon were prepared, and the volatiles were isolated via solvent-assisted flavor evaporation. Aroma extract dilution analyses revealed p-anisaldehyde (sweetish, anisic- and woodruff-like) with a flavor dilution factor of 218 as a character impact compound. The coconut-like, herbaceous, and sweetish smelling acyloin identified as (2S)-hydroxy-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-propanone also contributed to the overall aroma and was described as an aroma-active substance with an odor threshold in air of 0.2 ng L-1 to 2.4 ng L-1 for the first time. Supplementation of the culture medium with isotopically substituted l-tyrosine elucidated this phenolic amino acid as precursor of p-anisaldehyde as well as of (2S)-hydroxy-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-propanone. Chiral analysis via HPLC revealed an enantiomeric excess of 97% for the isolated product produced by P. sapidus.

Keywords: (2S)-hydroxy-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-propanone; Pleurotus sapidus; aroma extract dilution analysis; monokaryons; p-anisaldehyde.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Olfactory impressions of LLE/SAFE samples from CSSM cultures of a dikaryotic strain (Dk) and different monokaryotic strains (Mk).
Figure 2
Figure 2
GC-MS chromatogram (VF-WAXms) from LLE/SAFE CSSM PSA Mk 37 culture harvested on culture day 4.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Structures of arylic compounds identified in CSSM PSA Mk 37.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Mass spectra of p-anisaldehyde (a) and of [7-13C]-p-anisaldehyde (b).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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