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. 2022 Jan 22;27(3):724.
doi: 10.3390/molecules27030724.

Separation and Enrichment of Alkaloids from Coptidis Rhizoma and Euodiae Fructus by Macroporous Resin and Evaluation of the Effect on Bile Reflux Gastritis Rats

Yan-Ying Li  1   2 , Jin-Lei Feng  3 , Zheng Li  3 , Xin-Yu Zang  2 , Xiu-Wei Yang  1   4
Affiliations

Separation and Enrichment of Alkaloids from Coptidis Rhizoma and Euodiae Fructus by Macroporous Resin and Evaluation of the Effect on Bile Reflux Gastritis Rats

Yan-Ying Li et al. Molecules. .

Abstract

The Zuojin Pill consists of Coptidis Rhizoma (CR) and Euodiae Fructus (EF). It has been a classic prescription for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases in China since ancient times. Alkaloids are considered to be its main pharmacologically active substances. The authors of the present study investigated the feasibility of preparing high purity total alkaloids (TAs) from CR and EF extracts separately and evaluated the effect for the treatment of bile reflux gastritis (BRG). Coptis chinensis Franch. and Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth. were used in the study. An optimized method for the enrichment and purification of TAs with macroporous resin was established. Furthermore, qualitative analysis by using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization and quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS) was explored to identify the components of purified TAs. Thirty-one compounds, thirty alkaloids and one phenolic compound, were identified or tentatively assigned by comparison with reference standards or literature data. A method of ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detector (UHPLC-DAD) for quantitative analysis was also developed. The contents of nine alkaloids were determined. Moreover, a rat model of BRG was used to investigate the therapeutic effect of the combination of purified TAs from CR and EF. Gastric pathologic examination suggested that the alkaloids' combination could markedly attenuate the pathological changes of gastric mucosa.

Keywords: Coptidis Rhizoma; Euodiae Fructus; UHPLC–DAD; UHPLC–ESI–QTOF-MS; bile reflux gastritis; enrichment and purification; gastric pathology; macroporous resin; rats; total alkaloids.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Chemical structures of protoberberine-type and indole–quinolone alkaloids.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Chemical structure of limonin.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Adsorption capacities, desorption capacities, and desorption ratios of TAs from CR (a) and EF (b).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Kinetics for static adsorption and desorption capacities of the D101 macroporous resin for CR (a) and EF (b).
Figure 5
Figure 5
Effect of temperature on adsorption capacities of D101 resin for CR (a) and EF (b).
Figure 6
Figure 6
Effect of pH on adsorption capacities of D101 resin for CR (a) and EF (b).
Figure 7
Figure 7
Dynamic breakthrough curve (a); the effect of ethanol concentrations (b) for CR (blue lines) and EF (yellow lines).
Figure 8
Figure 8
TIC profile in positive ion mode of TAs from CR prepared with D101 macroporous resin purification.
Figure 9
Figure 9
TIC profile in positive ion mode of TAs from EF prepared with D101 macroporous resin purification.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Pathological degree of gastric mucosa in reflux gastritis rats (n = 10). ## p < 0.01 vs. normal control, * p < 0.05 vs. model, ** p < 0.01 vs. model.
Figure 11
Figure 11
Microscopic appearance of gastric mucosa showing the effect of Zuojin powder and alkaloids′ combination in reflux gastritis rats (HE × 100): (A): normal control group; (B): model group; (C): magnesium aluminum carbonate group; (D): Zuojin powder group; (E): alkaloids′ combination group.
Figure 12
Figure 12
Modeling process of reflux gastritis rats.
Figure 13
Figure 13
Administration process of reflux gastritis rats.
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