Dry-season transmission and determinants of Plasmodium infections in Jawi district, northwest Ethiopia

Abstract

Background: Malaria remains a serious global public health problem, and continues to have a devastating impact on people's health worldwide. Continuous monitoring and evaluation of current malaria transmission status in different seasons is a mainstay for the success of ongoing intervention strategies for malaria. The purpose of this study was to assess the dry-season transmission and determinants of malaria in Jawi district, northwest Ethiopia.

Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January 13 to February 11, 2020; among selected Kebeles in the Jawi district. A multistage sampling technique was used in this study. Random and systematic sampling techniques were carried out to select Kebeles and each household, respectively. Light microscopy and CareStart™ Malaria HRP2/pLDH (Pf/Pv) Combo RDT were implemented to determine the prevalence of malaria. Moreover, associated risk factors in the prevalence of malaria were assessed by using a bivariate and multivariate logistic regression model.

Results: A total of 219 study participants were enrolled in this study. Of the total enrolled individuals, malaria cases were found among 36 individuals with a positivity rate of 16.4% (95% CI 11.4-21.5). Plasmodium falciparum was the predominant species with an estimated prevalence of 87.0% in the study areas. Interrupted utilization of ITN (AOR = 4.411, 95% CI 1.401-13.880), using over 3 years older ITNs (AOR = 9.622, 95% CI 1.881-49.214), travel history (AOR = 12.703, 95% CI 2.441-66.114), living in a house with holes on the wall (AOR = 3.811, 95% CI 1.010-14.384), and living in a house with an eave (AOR = 4.23, 95% CI 1.065-16.801) significantly increased the probability of malaria positivity rate.

Conclusion: Malaria is still an important public health burden among individuals in the Jawi district. Interrupted utilization of ITNs, using over 3 years older ITNs, living in a house with holes on the wall, living in a house with an eave, and travel history were identified as the risk factors of malaria. Therefore, the District health office and Health extension workers should promote daily utilization of good ITNs and improve housing conditions to reduce malaria prevalence.

Keywords: Dry-season transmission; Ethiopia; Jawi district; Plasmodium infections.