Affiliations

• ¹ Department of Surgery (Cardiac Surgery), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
• ² Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
• ³ Health Sciences Library, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
• ⁴ Department of Health Research Methods, Evaluation, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
• ⁵ Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
• ⁶ Department of Anesthesia, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
• ⁷ Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
• ⁸ Departments of Medicine (Critical Care) and Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
• ⁹ Department of Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
• ¹⁰ Departments of Surgery (Cardiac Surgery) and Health Research Methods, Evaluation, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
• ¹¹ Perioperative Research Division, Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
• ¹² Departments of Medicine (Cardiology and Critical Care) and Health Research Methods, Evaluation, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
• ¹³ Perioperative Research Division, Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada. jessicaspence13@gmail.com.
• ¹⁴ Departments of Anesthesia and Critical Care and Health Research Methods, Evaluation, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada. jessicaspence13@gmail.com.