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Review
. 2022 Jan;24(1):23-32.
doi: 10.1007/s11883-022-00980-5. Epub 2022 Feb 17.

Sex Differences in Coronary Atherosclerosis

Yu Sato  1 , Rika Kawakami  1 , Atsushi Sakamoto  1 , Anne Cornelissen  1 , Masayuki Mori  1 , Kenji Kawai  1 , Saikat Ghosh  1 , Maria E Romero  1 , Frank D Kolodgie  1 , Aloke V Finn  1   2 , Renu Virmani  3
Affiliations
Review

Sex Differences in Coronary Atherosclerosis

Yu Sato et al. Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2022 Jan.

Abstract

Purpose of review: The importance of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in women has long been underestimated. Therefore, we need to understand the impact of sex differences on CVD.

Recent findings: Traditional risk factors contribute to coronary artery disease (CAD) differently in women and men. There are female-specific risk factors and comorbid conditions that affect the risk of CAD. Plaque erosion is frequently seen in younger women who smoke, while plaque rupture is common in older women and men who have elevated blood cholesterol. Coronary artery calcification is also different in both sexes. Thus, coronary artery calcification score-based risk stratification in women is challenging. A deeper understanding of the sex differences in the risk factors and plaque morphology of coronary atherosclerosis may lead to improved outcomes of CVD in women.

Keywords: Acute myocardial infarction; Cardiovascular disease; Coronary artery disease; Plaque erosion; Women.

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