Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Observational Study
. 2022 Feb 1:9:761023.
doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.761023. eCollection 2021.

Mapping of Female Breast Cancer Incidence and Mortality Rates to Socioeconomic Factors Cohort: Path Diagram Analysis

Qiongle Peng  1 , Xiaoling Ren  2
Affiliations
Observational Study

Mapping of Female Breast Cancer Incidence and Mortality Rates to Socioeconomic Factors Cohort: Path Diagram Analysis

Qiongle Peng et al. Front Public Health. .

Abstract

Objectives: Breast cancer is the leading cause of death in women around the world. Its occurrence and development have been linked to genetic factors, living habits, health conditions, and socioeconomic factors. Comparisons of incidence and mortality rates of female breast cancer are useful approaches to define cancer-related socioeconomic disparities.

Methods: This was a retrospective observational cohort study on breast cancer of women in several developed countries over 30 years. Effects of socioeconomic factors were analyzed using a path diagram method.

Results: We found a positive, significant association of public wealth on incidence and mortality of breast cancer, and the path coefficients in the structural equations are -0.51 and -0.39, respectively. The unemployment rate (UR) is critical and the path coefficients are all 0.2. The path coefficients of individual economic wealth to the rates of breast cancer are 0.18 and 0.27, respectively.

Conclusion: The influence of social pressure on the incidence and mortality of breast cancer was not typical monotonous. The survival rate of breast cancer determined by the ratio of mortality rate to incidence rate showed a similar pattern with socioeconomic factors.

Keywords: breast cancer; incidence; mortality; path diagram analysis; regression analysis; socioeconomic factors.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Structural equations model used to illustrate the relation between the (A) incidence and (B) mortality rates and socioeconomic factors. Among many variables, subscripts are used to represent high-order variables, of which subscript 1, 2, and 3 correspond to high-order variables population, UR and GDPPC respectively.
Figure 2
Figure 2
(A–D) Differentiated effects of social public wealth and per capita income level on incidence and mortality rates of female breast cancer.
Figure 3
Figure 3
(A–F) Effects of socioeconomic factors on the mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) of female breast cancer.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Fishbone diagram of the affecting factors both from nature and society on the female breast cancer.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Gruskin S, Mills EJ, Tarantola D. History, principles, and practice of health and human rights, The Lancet. (2007) 370:449–55. 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61200-8 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Steffen W, Richardson K, Rockström J, Cornell SE, Fetzer I, Bennett EM, et al. . Planetary boundaries: guiding human development on a changing planet. Science. (2015) 347:1259855. 10.1126/science.1259855 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Jani M, Yimer BB, Sheppard T, Lunt M, Dixon WG. Time trends and prescribing patterns of opioid drugs in UK primary care patients with non-cancer pain: a retrospective cohort study. Plos Med. (2020) 17:e1003270. 17: e1003270. 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003270 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Freeman VL, Naylor KB, Boylan EE, Booth BJ, Pugach O, Barrett RE, et al. . Spatial access to primary care providers and colorectal cancer-specific survival in cook county, illinois. Cancer Med. (2020) 9:3211–23. 10.1002/cam4.2957 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Davis LE, Coburn NG, Hallet J, Earle CC, Liu Y, Myrehaug S, et al. . Material deprivation and access to cancer care in a universal health care system. Cancer. (2020) 126:4545–52. 10.1002/cncr.33107 - DOI - PubMed

Publication types