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. 2022 Feb 18;12(1):2849.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-06851-y.

Bone quality affects stability of orthodontic miniscrews

Wan-Ping Yu  1 , Ming-Tzu Tsai  2 , Jian-Hong Yu  3   4 , Heng-Li Huang  3   5 , Jui-Ting Hsu  6   7
Affiliations

Bone quality affects stability of orthodontic miniscrews

Wan-Ping Yu et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of bone-miniscrew contact percentage (BMC%) and bone quality and quantity on orthodontic miniscrew stability and the maximum insertion torque value (ITV). Orthodontic miniscrews of five different dimensions and several bovine iliac bone specimens were used in the evaluation. Miniscrews of each dimension group were inserted into 20 positions in bovine iliac bone specimens. The experiment was divided into three parts: (1) Bone quality and quantity were evaluated using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and microcomputed tomography. (2) The 3D BMC% was calculated. (3) The ITVs during miniscrew insertion were recorded to evaluate the stability of the orthodontic miniscrews. The results indicated that longer and thicker miniscrews enabled higher ITVs. CBCT was used to accurately measure cortical bone thickness (r = 0.939, P < 0.05) and to predict the bone volume fraction of cancellous bone (r = 0.752, P < 0.05). BMC% was significantly influenced by miniscrew length. The contribution of cortical bone thickness to the ITV is greater than that of cancellous bone structure, and the contribution of cortical bone thickness to BMC% is greater than that of cancellous bone structure. Finally, the higher is BMC%, the greater is the ITV. This study concludes that use of CBCT may predict the mechanical stability of orthodontic miniscrews.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
(a) Relationship between cortical bone thickness measured from CBCT and micro-CT images. (b–e) Relationship between cancellous bone density measured from CBCT images and four trabecular bone microstructural parameters measured from micro-CT images.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Relationships between ITV and bone quality and quantity parameters: (a) cortical bone thickness measured from micro-CT images, (b) cortical bone thickness measured from CBCT images, (c) BV/TV measured from micro-CT images, and (d) GV measured from CBCT images.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Relationships between ITV and BMC% in the (a) 1.4 × 8 mm2 miniscrew group, (b) 1.5 × 6 mm2 miniscrew group, (c) 1.5 × 8 mm2 miniscrew group, (d) 1.5 × 10 mm2 miniscrew group, (e) and 1.6 × 8 mm2 miniscrew group.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Outline of the study.
Figure 5
Figure 5
(a) Dimensions of orthodontic miniscrews; (b) Bovine iliac bone specimen showing nine insertion positions.
Figure 6
Figure 6
(a) Cortical bone thickness (in mm) and cancellous bone density (GV) measured from CBCT images; (b) cortical bone thickness (in mm) and four trabecular bone misconstruction parameters [BV/TV (%), Tb.Th. (mm), Tb.Sp. (mm), and Tb.N. (1/mm) measured from micro-CT images.
Figure 7
Figure 7
(a) 3D model of the orthodontic miniscrew, (b) 3D model of a small region of a bovine iliac bone specimen, (c) exterior surface of the orthodontic miniscrew inside a bone specimen (pBMCA), and (d) real bone–miniscrew contact area (BMCA).
Figure 8
Figure 8
ITV measurement approach of ITV: (a) entire view, (b) close view.
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